Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia, Biology

Assignment Help:

Define about the Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia?

Serum concentration of sodium is normally regulated within the range of 135 to 145 milimole per litre (a). Hyponatremia is defined as a Na level under 130 mM/L. When plasma Na level falls below 120 mM/L, symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures and coma can occur, Hyponatrernia can arise from shift of water from cells to extracellular compartment, which is induced by an increase in solutes in plasma for example increased plasma glucose in diabetes can result in the shift of water from ICF to ECF, diluting the Na concentration. Hyponatremia is also induced by renal failure when .kidney's impaired ability to excrete waste products results in build up of solutes in plasma. It can also occur from an overall decrease in body, Na, as occurs during diarrhoea and vomiting.

Rare instances of hyponatremic dehydration have been reported in sports persons rehydrated only with water. Hypernatremia occurs less commonly and is defined as serum sodium level above -A 145 mM/L. The initial symptoms include irritability, lethargy and restlessness. Seizures and death may occur when plasma levels rise above 160 mM/L. Hypernatremia occurs with loss of water that is disproportionately greater than sodium and is associated with excessive sweating and hyperventilation. It can also occur when thirst mechanism is impaired because of damage to hypothalamus.


Related Discussions:- Define about the hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Determine the nature and degree of abnormality, Determine the Nature and De...

Determine the Nature and Degree of Abnormality The nature and degree of abnormality will effect normal neural growth and maturational outcome. For example, in an adult damage t

How does the heart impel the blood, Q. How does the heart impel the blood? ...

Q. How does the heart impel the blood? The heart is a muscular organ that contains chambers right ventricle and right atrium right ventricle and and left atrium through which b

Define functions of carbohydrate - source of energy, Define Functions of Ca...

Define Functions of Carbohydrate - Source of energy? Glucose is a major source of energy for all the body cells. One gram of carbohydrate provides 4 Kcal. RBCs are particularly

What are the uses of wpc, What are the uses of WPC?  Whey protein conce...

What are the uses of WPC?  Whey protein concentrates are used extensively in the manufacture of baked goods, where they enhance the effectiveness of shortening through better d

Protein requirement during congestive cardiac failure, Q. Protein Requireme...

Q. Protein Requirement during congestive cardiac failure? Protein: The protein requirements remain the &me as healthy adult men and women, About 0.8 - lg of protein per kg

Into which two groups can the nitrogen-containing bases, Into which two gro...

Into which two groups can the nitrogen-containing bases that form DNA and RNA be classified? What is the criterion used in that classification? The nitrogen-containing bases th

What is mendels crosses in genetics explain breifly, What is Mendel's Cross...

What is Mendel's Crosses in genetics explain breifly? Mendel found that if he transferred pollen from a green-seed strain to a yellow-seed strain and vice versa, in a process c

Amitosis, AMITOSIS This  is  direct  cell division  in which  the genet...

AMITOSIS This  is  direct  cell division  in which  the genetic material is not duplicated and  hence its distribution  to the daughter cells  is not  precisely half  and half,

Meteorological factors and air pollution, Meteorological Factors and Air Po...

Meteorological Factors and Air Pollution Air pollution levels in a region are affected by wind, location, topography, precipitation and temperature inversions. Wind can carry

Explain environmental sampling - methods and techniques, Explain Environmen...

Explain Environmental Sampling - Methods and Techniques? Environmental sampling can be done for total microbial load or for some specific pathogens or spoilage organisms. The m

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd