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A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples. Let r be the relation which have set tuples (t1, t2, t3, ..., tn). Each tuple is an ordered list of n-values t=(v1,v2, ..., vn).
The purpose of the relational model is to give a declarative function for specifying queries and data: users directly state what information the database have and what information they want from it, and let the database management system software take care of explain data structures for retrieval procedures and storing the data for answering queries.
Define entity integrity and referential integrity. How does SQL allow specification of these? Ans: Entity Integrity Rule- If the attribute A of relation R is a prime attribut
What is Functional Dependency? A Functional dependency is shown by X Y among two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
Database Recovery And Security Introduction In this part we will introduce two main issues relating to database management systems. A computer system suffers from dissi
how to design tables
What is a state chart diagram? State diagrams (State Chart Diagram) explain all possible states that a particular object can get into, and how object's state changes as result
Define Query by Example QBE is a query language relies upon domain calculus and has two dimensional syntax. The queries are written in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
System Design: An Object Oriented Approach Any software systems always try to change and evolve as technology and business rules evolve. The development of information systems
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