Deficiency diseases-osteomalacia, Biology

Assignment Help:


Osteomalacia

Similar to rickets in young growing animals, osteomalacia is a disease of mature animals caused by absolute or relative deficiency of any one or combination of calcium, phosphorous and/or vitamin D. The disease is characterized by osteoporosis, weakness and deformity of bones.
Aetiology: The aetiology of rickets and osteoporosis is generally same. The predisposing factors include increase demands of calcium and phosphorous during lactation and pregnancy.


Clinical findings: Signs of osteomalacia in early stage are similar to those in phosphorous deficiency and include unthriftiness, infertility, reduced productivity and allotriophagia. Affected cattle may suffer from obstruction of oesophagus and traumatic reticuloperitonitis, lead toxicosis and botulism due to licking and chewing of inanimate objects. Fracture of ribs, pelvis and long bones, and spinal deformity such as lordosis  or kyphosis can be seen. Painful condition of bones and joints is manifested by stiff gait, lameness and crackling sounds while walking. Hind limbs are severely affected and hocks may be rotated in ward. Affected cattle are reluctant to move and lie down. They are unwilling to rise, as such disease popularly known as ‘pegleg’, ‘creeper’,‘stiffs’ and ‘bog-lame’ since high yielding cows suffer more severely giving ‘milkleg’ or ‘milk lameness’ names to the disease. Affected sows become recumbent and are unable to rise. They remain in lateral recumbency or in ‘dog sitting’ posture. Fracture of shaft or neck of femur is common characteristic clinical findings.

Diagnosis: Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone histology are of diagnostic value. The disease must be differentiated from chronic fluorosis, polysynovitis, arthritis and spinal cord compression. Fluorosis can be confirmed by analysis of water and feed supply for excess fluorine levels.

Treatment and prevention: Treatment and preventive measures include connection of deficiencies and imbalance in diet.


Related Discussions:- Deficiency diseases-osteomalacia

The graph as temperature increases differ, Does the trend of the change in ...

Does the trend of the change in shape of the graph as temperature increases differ when a different gas is examined?

What is ascaris, What is ascaris? What is the disease caused by this worm? ...

What is ascaris? What is the disease caused by this worm? Ascaris, or Ascaris lumbricoides, is an animal of the nematode phylum, i.e., a roundworm. Ascaris causes ascariasis, a

Define excretion of iron in human body, Define Excretion of Iron in Human B...

Define Excretion of Iron in Human Body? Our body has a limited capacity to excrete iron once it has been absorbed. Daily losses in adult man are between 0.9 to 1.05 mg. About 0

Why different types of seizures may occur, Why Different types of seizures ...

Why Different types of seizures may occur? Different types of seizures may occur: 1) Generalized or tonic-clonic seizures, where the entire brain curtex is involved and post

Techniques of closed mitral valvotomy, Techniques: operation is done unde...

Techniques: operation is done under general endo tracheal anaesthesia. Patient is positioned with the left chest tilted up using a sand bag under left chest. Left antero latera

Chamaephytes - classes of life form, Chamaephytes - Classes of Life Form ...

Chamaephytes - Classes of Life Form The perennating buds and organs are borne on shoots close to but just above the ground. The buds receive protection from fallen leaves and

What are the types of chronic gastritis, Q. What are the types of chronic g...

Q. What are the types of chronic gastritis? Gastroscopic observation shows different types of chronic gastritis: 1. Superficial gastritis: gastric mucosa is red, oedematous,

Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen is very important constituents of all organisms li...

Nitrogen is very important constituents of all organisms life  because it forms the structural parth of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll molecules.               Earth 's

How is the mesoderm of triploblastic animals formed, Q. How is the mesoderm...

Q. How is the mesoderm (third germ layer) of triploblastic animals formed? The mesoderm shows from differentiation of endodermal cells that cover the dorsal region of the arche

Describe induced ventricular arrhythmias, Q. Describe Induced Ventricular A...

Q. Describe Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias? The prognostic significance of ventricular ectopy provoked by stress testing after an MI is controversial. Complex ventricular arrh

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd