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Declaring Records
Whenever you define a RECORD type, you may declare records of that type, as the illustration shows:
DECLARE
TYPE StockItem IS RECORD (
item_no INTEGER(3),
description VARCHAR2(50),
quantity INTEGER,
price REAL(7,2));
item_info StckItem; -- declare record
The identifier item_info represents the whole record.
Like the scalar variables, the user-defined records can be declared as the formal parameters of the procedures and functions. An illustration is as shown:
TYPE EmpRec IS RECORD (
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE,
last_name VARCHAR2(10),
job_title VARCHAR2(15),
salary NUMBER(7,2));
...
PROCEDURE raise_salary (emp_info EmpRec);
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Datatype Conversion At times it is necessary to convert a value from one datatype to another. For e.g. if you want to inspect a rowid, you should convert it to a character stri
Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
what are ER diagrams
Benefit of the dynamic SQL: This part shows you how to take full benefit of the dynamic SQL and how to keep away from some of the common pitfalls. Passing the Names of Sc
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Nested Tables versus Index-by Tables The Index-by tables and nested tables are just similar. For e.g. They have similar structure and their individual elements are accessed in
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
Iterative Control: LOOP Statements The LOOP statement executes a series of statements multiple times. There are 3 forms of LOOP statements: LOOP, WHILE-LOOP, & FOR-LOOP. LOOP
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