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Declaring Records
Whenever you define a RECORD type, you may declare records of that type, as the illustration shows:
DECLARE
TYPE StockItem IS RECORD (
item_no INTEGER(3),
description VARCHAR2(50),
quantity INTEGER,
price REAL(7,2));
item_info StckItem; -- declare record
The identifier item_info represents the whole record.
Like the scalar variables, the user-defined records can be declared as the formal parameters of the procedures and functions. An illustration is as shown:
TYPE EmpRec IS RECORD (
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE,
last_name VARCHAR2(10),
job_title VARCHAR2(15),
salary NUMBER(7,2));
...
PROCEDURE raise_salary (emp_info EmpRec);
Question: Consider the following relations (primary keys are underlined): AUTHOR (ANo, aname, address, speciality) PUBLISHER (PNo, pname, Location) BOOK (BNo, Title, ISBN,
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Due to an increase in overhead costs, the buying price of all items needs to be increased. Management wants to see a report before deciding how much each product will go up. Add to
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
BEGIN Parameter Description in pl sql: BEGIN: This keyword signals the beginning of the executable section of a PL/SQL block, that contains executable statements. The execut
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Effects of NULL Operator As a general rule-but not a universal one-if NULL is an argument to an invocation of a system-defined read-only operator, then NULL is the result of t
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
Complete the following steps to create a procedure to calculate the tax on an order. The BB_TAX table contains the states that require taxes to be submitted for Internet sales. If
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