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Declaring Records
Whenever you define a RECORD type, you may declare records of that type, as the illustration shows:
DECLARE
TYPE StockItem IS RECORD (
item_no INTEGER(3),
description VARCHAR2(50),
quantity INTEGER,
price REAL(7,2));
item_info StckItem; -- declare record
The identifier item_info represents the whole record.
Like the scalar variables, the user-defined records can be declared as the formal parameters of the procedures and functions. An illustration is as shown:
TYPE EmpRec IS RECORD (
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE,
last_name VARCHAR2(10),
job_title VARCHAR2(15),
salary NUMBER(7,2));
...
PROCEDURE raise_salary (emp_info EmpRec);
LOB Types The large object (LOB) datatypes like BFILE, BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB store the blocks of unstructured data (like graphic images, text, video clips, and sound waveforms)
Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
Use the PLS_INTEGER Datatype When you require to declare an integer variable, use the datatype PLS_INTEGER that is the most efficient numeric type. That is as the PLS_INTEGER
Extension and AND in SQL The theory book gives the following simple example of relational extension in Tutorial D: EXTEND IS_CALLED ADD ( FirstLetter ( Name ) AS Initial )
Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Need to change mysql query to PDO Project Description: I want someone to convert me 1 .php file that includes some sql/mysql stuff to PDO is a very small file. Skills requ
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
Example of EXCEPT Operator - SQL Example, like its counterpart in the theory book, illustrates the convenience of allowing any table expression to be the source for an INSERT
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
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