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Declaring Records
Whenever you define a RECORD type, you may declare records of that type, as the illustration shows:
DECLARE
TYPE StockItem IS RECORD (
item_no INTEGER(3),
description VARCHAR2(50),
quantity INTEGER,
price REAL(7,2));
item_info StckItem; -- declare record
The identifier item_info represents the whole record.
Like the scalar variables, the user-defined records can be declared as the formal parameters of the procedures and functions. An illustration is as shown:
TYPE EmpRec IS RECORD (
emp_id emp.empno%TYPE,
last_name VARCHAR2(10),
job_title VARCHAR2(15),
salary NUMBER(7,2));
...
PROCEDURE raise_salary (emp_info EmpRec);
BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN Operator in SQL Example: Restricting exam marks to between 0 and 100 CREATE ASSERTION Marks_between_0_and_100 CHECK (NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
How do I display usernames for students from a student table, assigning each student a username initials001 (initials is the actual student initials), and if the students initials
The Package Specification The package specifications contain the public declarations. The scopes of these declarations are local to your database representation and global to t
Recursion The Recursion is a powerful method for simplify the design of the algorithms. Principally, the recursion means the self-reference. In the recursive mathematical serie
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetc
Bulk Binds advantages In the Embedded Oracle RDBMS, the PL/SQL engines accept any valid PL/SQL subprogram or block. As the figure shows, the PL/SQL engine executes all procedur
Cursors To execute the multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region which stores the processing information. The cursor names the work region, access the informa
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