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Declaring Exceptions
The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an exception followed by the keyword EXCEPTION. In the illustration below, you declare an exception named past_due:
DECLARE
past_due EXCEPTION;
The Exception and variable declarations are alike. But keep in mind that, an exception is an error condition, not a data item. Unlike variables, the exceptions cannot appear in the assignment statements or the SQL statements. Though, the same scope rules apply to the variables and exceptions.
Ensuring Backward Compatibility The PL/SQL Version 2 permits some abnormal behavior which Version 8 disallows. Particularly, Version 2 permits you to (i) Make the forw
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Opening a Cursor Opening the cursor executes the query & identifies the result set that consists of all rows that meet the query search criteria. For the cursors declared usin
Delimiters A delimiter is a simple or compound symbol which has a special meaning to PL/SQL. For example, you use delimiters to symbolize an arithmetic operation like additio
Creating a SQL file 1. Open a new file in Notepad++ and save it to the location c:\mysql\bin, with the name lab8script.sql (the file extension should be .sql ). Add a MySQL co
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-
Use External Routines The PL/SQL is particular for the SQL transaction processing. Therefore, several tasks are more quickly completed in a lower-level language like C that is
JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
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