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Declaring Exceptions
The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an exception followed by the keyword EXCEPTION. In the illustration below, you declare an exception named past_due:
DECLARE
past_due EXCEPTION;
The Exception and variable declarations are alike. But keep in mind that, an exception is an error condition, not a data item. Unlike variables, the exceptions cannot appear in the assignment statements or the SQL statements. Though, the same scope rules apply to the variables and exceptions.
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
Quantification in SQL To quantify something, as the theory book has it, is to state its quantity, to say how many of it there are. For example, in Tutorial D the expression CO
Comparison Operators Usually, you use the comparison operators in the WHERE clause of a data manipulation statement to form the predicates, that compare one expression to anot
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Constants and Variables: You can declare the constants and variables in the declarative section of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. The Declarations allot the stor
Entering and Exiting If you enter the executable part of an autonomous routine, the major transaction suspends. When you exit the routine, the major transaction resumes. To ex
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
Using PRIOR and NEXT The PRIOR(n) returns the index number that precede index n in a collection. The NEXT(n) returns the index number which succeed the index n. If n has no pr
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