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Declaring Cursor Variables
Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the example below, you declare the cursor variable dept_cv:
DECLARE
TYPE DeptCurTyp IS REF CURSOR RETURN dept%ROWTYPE;
dept_cv DeptCurTyp; -- declare cursor variable
Existential Quantification - SQL Existential quantification-stating that something is true of at least one object under consideration-can be expressed by OR(r,c), meaning tha
Literals A literal is an explicit numeric, string, character, or Boolean value not represented by an identifier. Numeric literal 147 and the Boolean literal FALSE are some of
Rephrase Conditional Control Statements When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as s
Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Iteration Schemes The bounds of a loop range can be variables, literals, variables, or expressions but must compute to integers. Below are some of the examples. As you can see t
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
Calling Constructors: The Calls to a constructor are allowed wherever the function calls are allowed. Similarly to the functions, a constructor is called as a section of an ex
First Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE TYPE SID AS ( C VARCHAR(5) ) ; Explanation: TYPE SID announces that a type named SID is being defined to the syst
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