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Declaring Cursor Variables
Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the example below, you declare the cursor variable dept_cv:
DECLARE
TYPE DeptCurTyp IS REF CURSOR RETURN dept%ROWTYPE;
dept_cv DeptCurTyp; -- declare cursor variable
Set Operators The Set operators combine the results of the two queries into one result. The INTERSECT returns all the distinct rows selected by both queries. The MINUS returns
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is ent
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_divide then d
Implicit Cursor is declared and used by the oracle environment internally. while the explicit cursor is declared and used by the external user. more over implicitly cursors are no
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
Aggregate Operators SQL Supports all of the aggregate operators mentioned in the theory book and many more besides. The syntax, however, involves an unusual trick that SQL cal
Example of Cast Operator So long as CAST is used as shown, we could obtain the total marks for each exam in similar fashion, using SUM (Mark) AS TotalMarks. However, this giv
Naming Conventions The similar naming conventions apply to all PL/SQL program items and units including the variables, cursors, constants, cursor variables, procedures, exception
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