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Declaring Cursor Variables
Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the example below, you declare the cursor variable dept_cv:
DECLARE
TYPE DeptCurTyp IS REF CURSOR RETURN dept%ROWTYPE;
dept_cv DeptCurTyp; -- declare cursor variable
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Managing Cursors The PL/SQL uses 2 types of cursors: implicit and explicit. The PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all the SQL data manipulation statements, including th
Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
TTITLE and BTITLE are commands in Pl-SQL to control report headings and footers. This Ttitle & Btitle are mainly used on creating SQL*PLUS report. Ttitle is used for toptitle headi
Example of Tables within a Table - SQL Example: Obtaining C_ER from COURSE and EXAM_MARK SELECT CourseId, CAST (TABLE (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId, Mark FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
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