Declarations in sql-pl/sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Declarations in SQL

Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.

 

You can declare the variables and constants in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, package, or subprogram. The Declarations allocate the storage space for a value, state its datatype, and name the storage location and hence, you can reference it.

 

A couple of examples are shown below:

 

birthday DATE;

emp_count SMALLINT := 0;

The first declaration names a variable of the type DATE. The second declaration names a variable of the type SMALLINT and uses the assignment operator to assign an initial value of zero to the variable.

 

The example next show that the expression following the assignment operator can be arbitrarily complex and can refer to the earlier initialized variables:

 

pi REAL := 3.14159;

radius REAL := 1;

area REAL := pi * radius**2;

 

By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. So, these declarations are equal:

 

birthday DATE;

birthday DATE := NULL;

 

In the declaration of a constant, the keyword CONSTANT should precede the type of the specifier, as the example below shows:

 

credit_limit CONSTANT REAL := 5000.00;

 

This declaration names a constant of the type REAL and assigns an initial value of 5000 to the constant. The constant must be initialized in its declaration. Or else, you get a compilation error whenever the declaration is elaborated. (The procedure of a declaration by the PL/SQL compiler is known as the elaboration.)


Related Discussions:- Declarations in sql-pl/sql

Parameter and keyword description - insert statement, Parameter and Keyword...

Parameter and Keyword Description:   table_reference: This identifies a table or view which should be available when you execute the INSERT statement, and for that you sho

Using aggregation on nested tables - sql, Using Aggregation on Nested Table...

Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no

Relational schema, query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose...

query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $

Keyword and parameter description in pl sql, Keyword and Parameter Descript...

Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels the PL/SQL block. When used, label_name should be enclosed by the do

Joining in sql, Joining in SQL Joining IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON in...

Joining in SQL Joining IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON in SQL SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON This is an example of an SQL table expression. I have been

Blocks, Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the bloc...

Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b

Package standard, Package STANDARD The package named STANDARD defines t...

Package STANDARD The package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available

Parameter modes, Parameter Modes   To define the behavior of formal pa...

Parameter Modes   To define the behavior of formal parameters you use the parameter modes. The 3 parameter modes, IN, OUT, & IN OUT, can be used with any subprogram. Though, a

Iterative control:exit statements, EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop...

EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop to done unconditionally. Whenever an EXIT statement is encountered, the loop is done immediately and controls the passes to the next statem

Anatomy of a command, Anatomy of a Command Figure, showing a simple S...

Anatomy of a Command Figure, showing a simple SQL command, is almost identical to its counterpart in the theory book. The only difference arises from the fact that SQL uses a

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd