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Declarations in SQLYour program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot. You can declare the variables and constants in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, package, or subprogram. The Declarations allocate the storage space for a value, state its datatype, and name the storage location and hence, you can reference it. A couple of examples are shown below: birthday DATE;emp_count SMALLINT := 0;The first declaration names a variable of the type DATE. The second declaration names a variable of the type SMALLINT and uses the assignment operator to assign an initial value of zero to the variable. The example next show that the expression following the assignment operator can be arbitrarily complex and can refer to the earlier initialized variables: pi REAL := 3.14159;radius REAL := 1;area REAL := pi * radius**2; By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. So, these declarations are equal: birthday DATE;birthday DATE := NULL; In the declaration of a constant, the keyword CONSTANT should precede the type of the specifier, as the example below shows: credit_limit CONSTANT REAL := 5000.00; This declaration names a constant of the type REAL and assigns an initial value of 5000 to the constant. The constant must be initialized in its declaration. Or else, you get a compilation error whenever the declaration is elaborated. (The procedure of a declaration by the PL/SQL compiler is known as the elaboration.)
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
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Transaction context As the figure shows, the major transaction shares its context with the nested transactions, but not with the autonomous transactions. Similarly, If one aut
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
i NEED THE QURIES TO SOME OF THE PROBLEMS USING plsql
Example of Foreign Key Constraint Example: Alternative formulation for 6.3 as a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam
Using the BULK COLLECT Clause The keywords BULK COLLECT specify the SQL engine to bulk-bind output collections before returning them to the PL/SQL engine. You can use these ke
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