Declarations in sql-pl/sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Declarations in SQL

Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.

 

You can declare the variables and constants in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, package, or subprogram. The Declarations allocate the storage space for a value, state its datatype, and name the storage location and hence, you can reference it.

 

A couple of examples are shown below:

 

birthday DATE;

emp_count SMALLINT := 0;

The first declaration names a variable of the type DATE. The second declaration names a variable of the type SMALLINT and uses the assignment operator to assign an initial value of zero to the variable.

 

The example next show that the expression following the assignment operator can be arbitrarily complex and can refer to the earlier initialized variables:

 

pi REAL := 3.14159;

radius REAL := 1;

area REAL := pi * radius**2;

 

By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. So, these declarations are equal:

 

birthday DATE;

birthday DATE := NULL;

 

In the declaration of a constant, the keyword CONSTANT should precede the type of the specifier, as the example below shows:

 

credit_limit CONSTANT REAL := 5000.00;

 

This declaration names a constant of the type REAL and assigns an initial value of 5000 to the constant. The constant must be initialized in its declaration. Or else, you get a compilation error whenever the declaration is elaborated. (The procedure of a declaration by the PL/SQL compiler is known as the elaboration.)


Related Discussions:- Declarations in sql-pl/sql

Package standard in pl/sql, Package STANDARD package named STANDARD d...

Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a

Iterative control:exit statements, EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop...

EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop to done unconditionally. Whenever an EXIT statement is encountered, the loop is done immediately and controls the passes to the next statem

Goto statement - sequential control, GOTO Statement The GOTO statement b...

GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.

Parameter modes, Parameter Modes   To define the behavior of formal pa...

Parameter Modes   To define the behavior of formal parameters you use the parameter modes. The 3 parameter modes, IN, OUT, & IN OUT, can be used with any subprogram. Though, a

Use the returning clause -improve performance of application, Use the RETUR...

Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent

Product-specific packages, Product-specific Packages The Oracle and dif...

Product-specific Packages The Oracle and different Oracle tools are supplied with the product-specific packages which help you to build the PL/SQL-based applications. For illus

Fetching with a cursor, Fetching with a Cursor The FETCH statements re...

Fetching with a Cursor The FETCH statements retrieve the rows in the result set one at a time. After each and every fetch, the cursor advance to the next row in the result set

Blocks, Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the bloc...

Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b

Testing triggers, Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writi...

Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writing and thoroughly testing triggers and stored procedures associated with an e-commerce application that provides security l

Effects of null for table expression, Effects of NULL for Table Expression ...

Effects of NULL for Table Expression Here's an important distinction between expressions denoting tables and expressions denoting multisets of rows: a table expression cannot

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd