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Declarations in SQLYour program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot. You can declare the variables and constants in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, package, or subprogram. The Declarations allocate the storage space for a value, state its datatype, and name the storage location and hence, you can reference it. A couple of examples are shown below: birthday DATE;emp_count SMALLINT := 0;The first declaration names a variable of the type DATE. The second declaration names a variable of the type SMALLINT and uses the assignment operator to assign an initial value of zero to the variable. The example next show that the expression following the assignment operator can be arbitrarily complex and can refer to the earlier initialized variables: pi REAL := 3.14159;radius REAL := 1;area REAL := pi * radius**2; By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. So, these declarations are equal: birthday DATE;birthday DATE := NULL; In the declaration of a constant, the keyword CONSTANT should precede the type of the specifier, as the example below shows: credit_limit CONSTANT REAL := 5000.00; This declaration names a constant of the type REAL and assigns an initial value of 5000 to the constant. The constant must be initialized in its declaration. Or else, you get a compilation error whenever the declaration is elaborated. (The procedure of a declaration by the PL/SQL compiler is known as the elaboration.)
Bitmap Join Indexes - This feature will increase the performance and detains the size and format of your databases in data Character Semantics and Globalization -This featur
a. Create a table odetails_new. It has all the attributes of odetails and an additional column called cost, whose values are the product of the quantity and price of the part bein
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Expression: This is a randomly complex combination of constants, variables, literals, operators, & function calls. The simplest expression consists of a single variable. If th
LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatype to store the variable-length character strings. The LONG datatype is such as the VARCHAR2 datatype, except that the maximum length o
Problem: (a) Define the following terms: (i) data mining. (ii) OLAP. (b) Differentiate between snowflake schema and star schema. Support your answer with appropriate
Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
The SQL ‘CREATE TABLE' scripts for all the tables you have implemented. Note that your tables must correspond exactly to the ERD you have provided in 1. above, or you will lose ma
Deriving Predicates from Predicates in SQL The corresponding section in the theory book describes how predicates can be derived from predicates using (a) the logical connectiv
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