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While it is hard to resolve a deadlock which has been detected, fortunately it is fairly easy to prevent deadlocks from ever happening. The key is that the conditions above for deadlock are all necessary. We just have to ensure that at least one condition cannot be true. We de?nitely cannot get rid of the problem of ?nite resources; that is something we have to live with. And in many cases it can be dif?cult to get rid of the conditions of hold-and-wait and lack of preemption.
But we can eliminate circular waiting. One standard way of doing this is to have a so-called canonical ordering of the locks. This means that the programmer must always acquire the locks in a speci?ed order, such as ?rst lock1, then lock2, then lock3, etc. By doing so, we will ensure a system whose thread/resource graph is cycle-free, and therefore the system will be deadlock-free.
Virtual addresses are made up of two parts: the ?rst part is the page number, and the second part is an offset inside that page. Suppose our pages are 4kb (4096 = 212 bytes) long,
Q. Presume an operating system maps user-level threads to the kernel using the many-to-many model and the mapping is done through LWPs. Additionally the system allows developers to
Determine a policy that is not a valid page replacement policy? RU policy (Recurrently used) is not a valid page replacement policy.
Conservative GC can be used for languages such as C and C++, which were not explicitly designed for garbage collection. This is a non-copying technique. A conservative garbage coll
Q. Give an instance of an application in which data in a file should be accessed in the following order: a. Sequentially b. Randomly Answer: a. Print the content of
1. What must a kernel provide for an effective user-level thread implementation? 2. With respect to the quantum q in a scheduling algorithm, explain and discuss the impact of the
What are batch systems? Batch systems are quite appropriate for implementing large jobs that need little interaction. The user can submit jobs and return later for the results.
The objects that a program can access directly are those objects which are referenced by local vari-ables on the processor stack, or by any global/static variables that refer to ob
What is Multiprogramming? Multiprogramming is the capability of am operating system to support multiple applications running concurrently. Multiprogramming simply means that an
Explain the general structure of a typical process? There are basically four main sections through which each of the process has to pass through.The universal algorithm is:-
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