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Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
Construct a clean ans concise ER diagram for the database indicating the cardinality mapping for Employee management syatem
OBJECTIVES After going through this unit you should be capable to: Explain the File Based system and its limitations; Explain the structure of DBMS; Explain the
What is the use of rename operation? Rename operation is used to rename both relations and an attributes. It uses the as clause, taking the form: Old-name as new-name.
Define the notation for classes and atrributes The notation for class, attribute, and operations are shown below: Figure: Class with attributes and operations A
Advantages of Database management system Let us summarize the advantages. Reduction of Redundancy: This is perhaps the most important advantage of using DBMS. Redundancy i
What is B-Tree? A B-tree eliminates the redundant storage of search-key values .It permits search key values to appear only once.
Consider a typical sales invoice that would include the following information. Design a single table to hold all of the information required to store an invoice including this info
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation Data that is derived from other data should be stored in the computed form to avoid re-computation. For this, we could define
Explain the Natural join Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R* S) in which R and S are relations. The effect of the natural join is the set of all combinati
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