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Database Errors:An error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either due to inconsistent data or because of state of program. For instance, there may be a command in program to kept data in database. On the implementation of command, it is found that there is no place / space in database to accommodate that additional data. Then it can be said that an error has happened. This error is because of the physical state of database storage.
An important first step to the statistical analysis of data is to "get to know your data". The following tasks should contribute to this. (a) To the right of the dataset cons
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Describe the types of attributes? Types of attributes: An attribute's category determines the type of values that are permitted in the attribute. For instance, the value vers
WHY SHOULD NULL IN A RELATION BE AVOID AS possible?
Having clause This clause is used for producing conditions on grouped information. Example: Find maximum salary and department number of those departments where maxim
What is a recovery scheme? An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
Example -GRANT CREATE SESSION TO MCA12; (This command gives system level permission on creating a session - not portable) GRANT SELECT ON EMP TO MCA12; (Object level permi
what is file organization? what are file organization techniques.explain in detail? explain random file organization technique, multikey file organization technique?what is indexin
What does the cardinality ratio specify? Mapping cardinalities or cardinality ratios state the number of entities to which another entity can be associated. Mapping cardinaliti
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
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