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Data Types in SQL
SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates type with the term domain used in much of the relational database literature. SQL is at odds with this equation because it uses domain for a defined subset of a given type that is not itself a type. For example, the domain WEEKDAY might be defined to consist of the values 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', and 'Saturday', but the declared type of a column defined on that domain is that on which the domain itself is defined, perhaps VARCHAR(9). Also, whereas a domain is defined by specifying a constraint (on some underlying type), a constraint cannot be used to specify a user-defined type.
Keyword & Parameter Description: WHEN: This keyword introduces the exception handler. You can have many exceptions execute the similar sequence of the statements by follo
DECLARE : This keyword signals the beginning of the declarative section of the PL/SQL block, that contains local declarations. The Items declared locally exist only within the
Tables within a Table - SQL Figure here is an exact copy of the one in the theory book and as before it is just an alternative way of representing some of the information con
Rollback Behavior When a FORALL statement fails, the database changes are rolled back to an implicit savepoint marked before each of the SQL statement execution. The Changes t
Left and Right Joins LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used when you want to retrieve the data from the main table (table1) even if there is no match in other tables (table_2, table_3...
Obtaining a natural join by specifying the common columns Synatax: SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON USING ( StudentId ) However, a named columns join doe
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Row Counterparts of Table Operators SQL does not have counterparts tuple rename, tuple projection, tuple extension, tuple join and tuple compose. To obtain the same effects as
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
PRIMARY KEY: PRIMARY KEY indicates that the table is subject to a key constraint, in this case declaring that no two rows in the table assigned to ENROLMENT can ever have the
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