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Data Types in SQL
SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates type with the term domain used in much of the relational database literature. SQL is at odds with this equation because it uses domain for a defined subset of a given type that is not itself a type. For example, the domain WEEKDAY might be defined to consist of the values 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', and 'Saturday', but the declared type of a column defined on that domain is that on which the domain itself is defined, perhaps VARCHAR(9). Also, whereas a domain is defined by specifying a constraint (on some underlying type), a constraint cannot be used to specify a user-defined type.
Using EXCEPTION_INIT To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be th
Third Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE DOMAIN SID AS VARCHAR(5) CHECK ( VALUE IS NOT NULL AND SUBSTRING(VALUE FROM 1 FOR 1) = 'S' AND CAST('+'||SUBSTRING(VALUE
UNION and OR - SQL SQL supports UNION explicitly but differently from the way it supports JOIN explicitly. As we have seen, JOIN is used exclusively within the FROM clause, su
SQL Operators The PL/SQL uses all the SQL set, comparison, and row operators in the SQL statements. This part briefly describes some of these operators. 1. Comparison Opera
Parameter and Keyword Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels a loop. When used, the label_name should be enclosed by double ang
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At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
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Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
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