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Data Types in SQL
SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates type with the term domain used in much of the relational database literature. SQL is at odds with this equation because it uses domain for a defined subset of a given type that is not itself a type. For example, the domain WEEKDAY might be defined to consist of the values 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', and 'Saturday', but the declared type of a column defined on that domain is that on which the domain itself is defined, perhaps VARCHAR(9). Also, whereas a domain is defined by specifying a constraint (on some underlying type), a constraint cannot be used to specify a user-defined type.
Implicit Cursors The Oracle implicitly opens a cursor to process each SQL statement not related with an explicitly declared cursor. The PL/SQL lets you refer to the most recen
Example of ADD CONSTRAINT in SQL Example: Alternative formulation for MAX_ENROLMENTS ALTER TABLE IS_ENROLLED_ON ADD CONSTRAINT MAX_ENROLMENTS CHECK ((SELECT COUNT (*)
Implicit Cursor is declared and used by the oracle environment internally. while the explicit cursor is declared and used by the external user. more over implicitly cursors are no
Aggregate Operators SQL Supports all of the aggregate operators mentioned in the theory book and many more besides. The syntax, however, involves an unusual trick that SQL cal
Using COMMIT The COMMIT statements end the present transaction and make permanent any changes made during that transaction. Till you commit the changes, other users cannot acc
Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetc
Predefined Exceptions The internal exception is raised implicitly whenever your PL/SQL program exceeds a system-dependent limit or violates an Oracle rule. Each & every Oracle
Positional and Named Notation You can write the actual parameters when calling a subprogram, using either positional or named notation. That is, you can point to the relationsh
Parameter and Keyword Description: EXIT: An unconditional EXIT statement (i.e., one without a WHEN clause) exits the present loop instantly. The Execution resumes with th
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