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Data Types in SQL
SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates type with the term domain used in much of the relational database literature. SQL is at odds with this equation because it uses domain for a defined subset of a given type that is not itself a type. For example, the domain WEEKDAY might be defined to consist of the values 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', and 'Saturday', but the declared type of a column defined on that domain is that on which the domain itself is defined, perhaps VARCHAR(9). Also, whereas a domain is defined by specifying a constraint (on some underlying type), a constraint cannot be used to specify a user-defined type.
Managing Cursors The PL/SQL uses 2 types of cursors: implicit and explicit. The PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all the SQL data manipulation statements, including th
Rollback Behavior When a FORALL statement fails, the database changes are rolled back to an implicit savepoint marked before each of the SQL statement execution. The Changes t
Autonomous versus Nested Transactions Though an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction, it is not a nested transaction for the reasons shown below: (i)
Package Specification The package specifications contain the public declarations. The scopes of these declarations are local to your database representation and global to the
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
UPDATE Statement The UPDATE statement transforms the values of the specified columns in one or more rows in the table or view. Syntax:
Parameter Default Values As the illustration below shows, you can initialize the IN parameters to the default values. In that way, you can pass various numbers of actual par
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
LOB Types The large object (LOB) datatypes like BFILE, BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB store the blocks of unstructured data (like graphic images, text, video clips, and sound waveforms)
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