Data packets - universal serial bus, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Data packets:

A data packet consists of the PID which is followed a 16-bit CRC and by 0-1023 bytes of data payload (up to 1024 in high speed and at most 8 at low speed)

There are 2 basic data packets, DATA0 and DATA1. They have to always be preceded by an address token, and are typically followed by a handshake token from the receiver back to the transmitter. The 2 packet types provide the 1-bit sequence number needed by Stop-and-wait ARQ. If a USB host does not retain a response (such as an ACK) for data it has transmitted, it doesn't know if the data was retained or not; the data may have been lost in transit, or it may have been received but the handshake response was lost.

To solve this type of problem, the device keeps track of the type of DATA x packet it last accepted. If it retains another DATA x packet of the similar type, it is acknowledged but ignored as a case of duplicate. Only a DATA x packet of the opposite type is really received.

When a device is reset having a SETUP packet, it expects an 8-byte DATA0 packet next.

USB 2.0 added DATA2 and MDATA packet types as well. They are used just by high-speed devices doing high-bandwidth isochronous transfers which required transferring more than 1024 bytes per 125 µs "micro frame" (8192 kB/s),PRE "packet"

Low-speed components are supported with a special PID value, PRE. It marks the beginning of a low-speed packet, and it is used by hubs which usually do not send full-speed packets to low-speed devices. As all PID bytes include four 0 bits, they leave the bus in the FS(full speed)K state, which is the similar as the low-speed J state. It is followed by a deep pause during which hubs enable their low-speed outputs that is already idling in the J state, then a low-speed packet follows the starting with a sync sequence and PID byte, and ending with a deep period of SE0. Full-speed components other than hubs can simply avoid the PRE packet and its low-speed contents, till the final SE0 indicates that a new packet follows.


Related Discussions:- Data packets - universal serial bus

What makes a circuit ''digital''?, All digital devices are made from circui...

All digital devices are made from circuits whichcan be switched between two possible states.These two states are represented by a voltagelevel at the output of the circuit e.g. 0V

Derive the expression of traffic capacity, Traffic Capacity is given by? ...

Traffic Capacity is given by? Traffic Capacity = Switching capacity × Theoretical maximum load.

What is artificial intelligence fuzzy logic, Fuzzy logic is a form of vario...

Fuzzy logic is a form of various-valued logic; it deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed & exact. In contrast with traditional logic theory, where binary sets h

Explain about microprocessors, Q. Explain about Microprocessors? Microp...

Q. Explain about Microprocessors? Microprocessors have instruction sets ranging from 20 to several hundred instructions, known as microprograms, which are stored in ROM to init

Conversion of decimal number 10.625 into binary number, Conversion of decim...

Conversion of decimal number 10.625 into binary number ? Ans. There is integer part is 10 and fractional part is 0.625. Firstly convert the decimal number 10 in its equal bina

Discuss the 5-level switching hierarchy recommended by ccitt, Discuss the 5...

Discuss the 5-level switching hierarchy recommended by CCITT. Hierarchical networks are able of handling heavy traffic where needed, and at similar time use minimal number of t

Select-options and parameters statement , The fields specified by select-op...

The fields specified by select-options and parameters statement cannot be grouped together in the selection screen. No, the fields specified by select-options and parameters s

Explain difference between macro call and macro expansion, Explain differen...

Explain difference between macro call and macro expansion. Macro expansion: While a macro name is used along with a set of actual parameters this is replaced through a code g

Secret-key encryption, Secret-key encryption is also called as Private ...

Secret-key encryption is also called as Private encryption.

How to use multiple source files in php, a. How to use source files in PHP?...

a. How to use source files in PHP? Define with examples. b. What are benefits of PHP sessions? How is a PHP session formed? c. What is XML and explain its utility? Design an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd