Data packets - universal serial bus, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Data packets:

A data packet consists of the PID which is followed a 16-bit CRC and by 0-1023 bytes of data payload (up to 1024 in high speed and at most 8 at low speed)

There are 2 basic data packets, DATA0 and DATA1. They have to always be preceded by an address token, and are typically followed by a handshake token from the receiver back to the transmitter. The 2 packet types provide the 1-bit sequence number needed by Stop-and-wait ARQ. If a USB host does not retain a response (such as an ACK) for data it has transmitted, it doesn't know if the data was retained or not; the data may have been lost in transit, or it may have been received but the handshake response was lost.

To solve this type of problem, the device keeps track of the type of DATA x packet it last accepted. If it retains another DATA x packet of the similar type, it is acknowledged but ignored as a case of duplicate. Only a DATA x packet of the opposite type is really received.

When a device is reset having a SETUP packet, it expects an 8-byte DATA0 packet next.

USB 2.0 added DATA2 and MDATA packet types as well. They are used just by high-speed devices doing high-bandwidth isochronous transfers which required transferring more than 1024 bytes per 125 µs "micro frame" (8192 kB/s),PRE "packet"

Low-speed components are supported with a special PID value, PRE. It marks the beginning of a low-speed packet, and it is used by hubs which usually do not send full-speed packets to low-speed devices. As all PID bytes include four 0 bits, they leave the bus in the FS(full speed)K state, which is the similar as the low-speed J state. It is followed by a deep pause during which hubs enable their low-speed outputs that is already idling in the J state, then a low-speed packet follows the starting with a sync sequence and PID byte, and ending with a deep period of SE0. Full-speed components other than hubs can simply avoid the PRE packet and its low-speed contents, till the final SE0 indicates that a new packet follows.


Related Discussions:- Data packets - universal serial bus

Define digital computers system, Q. Define Digital computers system? Di...

Q. Define Digital computers system? Digital computers, in general, are automatic machines that accept data and instructions, perform predefined operations very quickly on the d

What are the important tools of a three-tier client server, What are the im...

What are the important tools of a three-tier client server? In a three-tier or multi-tier environment, there the client implements the presentation logic or the client. The bus

Analog to Digital convertor, The A/D converter whose conversion time is ind...

The A/D converter whose conversion time is independent of the number of bits is ? Ans. Parallel conversion is the A/D converter whose conversion time is independent of the Numbe

Write a c program to sort in ascending order of n numbers, Write a C progra...

Write a C program to sort in ascending order of n numbers. # include # include void main() { int a[25],no,i,j,m,t; clrscr(); printf("\nEnter Total number

Explain throughput performance and issues in pipelining, Throughput Thr...

Throughput Throughput of a pipeline may be defined as number of results which have been achieved per unit time. It can be referred as: T = n / [m + (n-1)]. c = E / c Th

Computers, Purpose: Front line client service. Make bookings for vehicle se...

Purpose: Front line client service. Make bookings for vehicle servicing, accesses client database, prints invoices for clients etc. The mechanics complete worksheets for the variou

Delete command, When the user is inputting commands into your shell, it sho...

When the user is inputting commands into your shell, it should properly handle delete and backspace. When one of these characters is detected, you will need to remove one character

Illustrate the cache memory operation, Q. Illustrate the Cache Memory Opera...

Q. Illustrate the Cache Memory Operation? It comprises a copy of a part of main memory contents. When a program is running and CPU tries to read a word of memory (instruction o

Why is xml such an important development, It takes away two constraints whi...

It takes away two constraints which were holding back Web developments: 1. Dependence on a one, inflexible document type (HTML) which was being much abused for tasks it was neve

Illustrate cache dram, Q. Illustrate Cache DRAM? Cache DRAM (CDRAM) wh...

Q. Illustrate Cache DRAM? Cache DRAM (CDRAM) which is developed by Mitsubishi integrates a tiny SRAM cache (16Kb) on a generic DRAM chip. SRAM on the CDRAM can be used in two

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd