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Data Manipulation Language
Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case commit is not implicit that is alters are not permanent till explicitly committed. DML statements having of SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT and DELETE statements.
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
explain cascading rollback
State the process of Rearranging Classes and Operations The various, yet similar operation of different classes can be slightly modified thus that they can be covered by a sin
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
Explain the difference between optimistic locking and pessimistic locking. Optimistic locking supposes no transaction conflict will occur and deals with the consequences if it
Winfield is a small city with a population of 22,000 with buses serves three routes in Winfield and neighboring areas. As the city’s IT director, you have been asked to set up an i
What are stand-alone procedures? Procedures that are not part of a package are called as stand-alone because they independently defined. A good example of a stand-alone procedu
Describe Data Manipulation language ? Data Manipulation Language (DML) - A data manipulation language is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organize
(A) For the relation; CarSales (RegNo, BuyerName, Address, SalesPerson, Make, Model, Commission) The following functional dependences hold, RegNo _ID à Make, Model Reg
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