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What is Hierarchical DBMS In HDBMS, data is structured in a tree like manner. There is a parent-child relationship between data items and the data model is very suitable for re
(1) Insert into PERSON Violated constraint: - Key constraint Reason: - Primary key 1 already exists in PERSON. Dealing: - DBMS could ask the user to provide valid PER
Explain the function of input controls. Identify four types of input control and explain the function of each. Provide an example of a data integrity error that could occur i
What are multiple inheritances? Multiple inheritances allow a class to inherit variables and methods from many super classes.
What subschema expresses ? A subschema expresses the external view. (External schemas are called also called as subschemas)
Which product produces the relation that has attributes of R1 and R2 ? Cartesian product produce the relation which has attributes of R1 and R2
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation. For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super
What does the extract statement do in extract datasets? The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
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