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Data Control The data control mostly refers to commands that permit system and data privileges to be passed to several users. These commands are usually available to database administrator. Let us see some data control language commands:
The Internal or Physical Level The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is t
What is the use of rename operation? Rename operation is used to rename both relations and an attributes. It uses the as clause, taking the form: Old-name as new-name.
Define seek time. The time for repositioning the arm is known as the seek time and it enhances with the distance that the arm is known as the seek time.
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
Physical Records These are the records that are stored in the secondary storage devices. For the database relation, physical records are the group of fields kept in adjacent me
Define Fifth Normal form is concerned with Ans : Fifth Normal form is concerned with Join dependency.
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of re
define lock conversion
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
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