Data aggregation, Database Management System

Assignment Help:

Q. Explain  data aggregation and discuss different design constraints.

Sol. Aggregation   One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships among relationships. To illustrate the need for such a construct consider the ternary relationships works on which we will see between a employee, branch and job (see figure). Now, suppose we want to record managers for tasks performed by an employee at a branch that is we want to record managers for (employee branch job) combinations. Let us assume that there is an entity set manager. One alternative for representing these relationships is to create a quaternary relationship manages between employee, branch, job and manager (A quaternary relationships required a binary relationship between manager and employee would not permit us to represent which (branch, job) combinations of an employee are managed by which manager.) Using the basic E R modeling constructs we obtain the E R diagram of given figure.  It appears that the relationship sets works on and manages can be combined into one single relationship set. Nevertheless we should not combine them into a single relationship since some employee; branch job combinations may not have a manager.  There is redundant information in the resultant figure however since every employee; branch job combination it manages is also in works on. If the managers were a value rather than manager entity we could instead make manager a multivalued attribute of the relationship works on. But doing so makes it more difficult to find for example employee branch job triples for which a manager is responsible. Since the manager is manager entity this alternative is ruled out in any case.  The best way to model a situation such as the just described is to use aggregation. Aggregation is an abstraction through which relationship are treated as higher level entities. Thus for our example we regard the relationship set works on as a higher level entity set called works on. Such an entity set is treated in the same manager between works on and manager to represent who manages what tasks. Figure shows a notation for aggregation commonly used to represent the above situation. 

 

 


Related Discussions:- Data aggregation

Cascading, what is cascading? what is rollback cascading? please explain in...

what is cascading? what is rollback cascading? please explain in detail

MULTI-LIST FILE ORGANIZATION, sir, could anybody help me in getting complet...

sir, could anybody help me in getting complete information about the mentioned topic

Define shadow paging, Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based...

Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.

Balance transfer, Scenario 1: Power goes out after the first instruction. ...

Scenario 1: Power goes out after the first instruction. What happens?

Illustrate the view of software architecture, Illustrate the view of softwa...

Illustrate the view of software architecture A model is a semantically closed abstraction of system composes of elements. It can be visualized using any of the following five v

Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data, Determine the...

Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML

Define 1 nf normal form, 1 NF Normal Form The domain of attribute must...

1 NF Normal Form The domain of attribute must add only atomic (simple, indivisible) values First normal form (Minimal Form or 1NF) is a normal form need in database normalizat

What is null described testing for null in sql?, What is NULL? Give an exa...

What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL? The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a re

Improved reliability, Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server...

Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd