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What Are Cursor Variables ?
The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, declaring a cursor variable creates a pointer, not an item. In the PL/SQL, the pointer has a datatype REF X, where REF is short form for the REFERENCE and X stands for the class of objects. Therefore, a cursor variable has the datatype REF CURSOR.
To execute a multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region which stores processing the information. To access the information, you can use an explicit cursor that names the work area. Or, you can use a cursor variable that points to the work region. While the cursor always refers to the similar query work region, a cursor variable can refer to various work regions. Therefore, the cursors and cursor variables are not interoperable.
Manipulating Individual Elements Faraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the ope
ROWNUM The ROWNUM returns a number representing the order in which a row was selected from the table. The first row selected has a ROWNUM of 1; the second row has a ROWNUM of
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
1.( /5 marks) Suppose that a B+-tree index with the search key (dept_name, building) is available on relation department. What would be the best way to handle the following selecti
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table?
JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that a collection presently contains. For instance, when a varray projects contains 15 elements, then the following IF con
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