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What Are Cursor Variables ?
The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, declaring a cursor variable creates a pointer, not an item. In the PL/SQL, the pointer has a datatype REF X, where REF is short form for the REFERENCE and X stands for the class of objects. Therefore, a cursor variable has the datatype REF CURSOR.
To execute a multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region which stores processing the information. To access the information, you can use an explicit cursor that names the work area. Or, you can use a cursor variable that points to the work region. While the cursor always refers to the similar query work region, a cursor variable can refer to various work regions. Therefore, the cursors and cursor variables are not interoperable.
Iteration Schemes The bounds of a loop range can be variables, literals, variables, or expressions but must compute to integers. Below are some of the examples. As you can see t
UNION without CORRESPONDING - SQL The use of UNION without CORRESPONDING. Example is merely by omitting CORRESPONDING, but only because the operands have identical SELECT clau
Variable Declaration - SQL SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite differen
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
How Exceptions Propagate ? Whenever an exception is raised, and if the PL/SQL cannot find a handler for it in the present subprogram or block, the exception propagates. That is
Implicit Cursors The Oracle implicitly opens a cursor to process each SQL statement not related with an explicitly declared cursor. The PL/SQL lets you refer to the most recen
Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetc
Use of Table Expressions - Expressing Constraint Conditions With the exception of key constraints, the examples in the theory book all explicitly reference at least one relvar
Data Types in SQL - Character CHARACTER or, synonymously, CHAR, for character strings. When this type is to be the declared type of something (e.g., a column), the permissible
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement prepare (parses) and instantly executes a dynamic SQL statement or an anonymous PL/SQL block. Syntax:
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