Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.
A satellite is orbiting around a planet. its velocity is found to depend upon a.)Radius of orbit b.)mass of planet c.)universal gravitational constant(G) Using dimensional analysis
If Joe rides his bicycle in a straight line for 15 min with an average velocity of 12.5 km/h south, how far has he ridden?
What is the speed of a 232 kg satellite in an approximately circular orbit 645 km above the surface of Earth?
i want to do experiment online
Please help I am stuck on this physics problem. Please cany anyone explain to me how to do it step by step please? If the speed of a car is increased by 135%, by what factor will
the quantum no having non integral value is ? what does it designate
These capacitors are used as tuning capacitors in radio receivers. The two requirements of these capacitors are: (1) Frequency stability (2) Preventing micro
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW AND INERTIA: All the material bodies possess the property of opposing any alter in the state of rest or uniform motion when some external force is applies up
Magnification is the ratio of size of image to the size of object. hence it is a dimensionless constant. It has no units. 1/m is not its unit.(1/m is the unit of power=DIOPTRE)
Can you please explain me about working mechanism of X-Ray mechaine
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd