Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

What are synthetic rubbers, What are synthetic rubbers? Give the prepa...

What are synthetic rubbers? Give the preparation and structure of any two synthetic rubbers.

Experiment vector and addition, how would the results change if the angle o...

how would the results change if the angle of the third load in second experiment increased ? state the differences

Explain positive acceleration, POSITIVE ACCELERATION:  If velocity of a...

POSITIVE ACCELERATION:  If velocity of a body is enhancing, then its acceleration is said to be positive. The direction of positive acceleration is similar as that of velocity.

Determine the final velocity, A charge q of mass m starting from rest is al...

A charge q of mass m starting from rest is allowed to move between two plates having a potential difference of V volt. Determine the final velocity of it? Repulsion is the sure

What is the proper formula used to calculate acceleration, What is the prop...

What is the proper formula used to calculate acceleration? There are a few. The most famous is a = F/m, where F is the net force applied to a mass, m. Acceleration is also the

Physics, the magnitude and direction of acceleration of body both are const...

the magnitude and direction of acceleration of body both are constant will the body moves in straight line

Kohlrauschs law, Kohlrausch's law (F. Kohlrausch): If a salt is dissol...

Kohlrausch's law (F. Kohlrausch): If a salt is dissolved into water, the conductivity of the solution is the total of two values one based on the positive ions & the other dep

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd