Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Explain velocity-time graph, VELOCITY- TIME GRAPH: The graphs which rep...

VELOCITY- TIME GRAPH: The graphs which represents the variation of velocity of an object with respect to time is known as velocity- time graph.

Gauss law for magnetic fields, Gauss' law for magnetic fields (K.F. Gauss) ...

Gauss' law for magnetic fields (K.F. Gauss) The magnetic flux by a closed surface is zero; no magnetic charges present; in differential form, div B = 0.

Electrostatics, A helium nucleus and a neon nucleus are separated by a dist...

A helium nucleus and a neon nucleus are separated by a distance of 3.0 nm. The charge of the helium nucleus is +2e while that of a neon nucleus is + 10e .Find the magnitude of the

Motion in one direction, A drunkard is walking along a straight road.he tak...

A drunkard is walking along a straight road.he takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward and so on.each step is one meter long and takes one second.there is a pit on the road 11 m

What is an illuminator, What is an illuminator? An illuminator, light g...

What is an illuminator? An illuminator, light generator or source is a box along with a lamp inside, pointing in the direction of an opening where fiber optics is secured. Obvi

Explain vector addition, Vector Addition While we become students of ph...

Vector Addition While we become students of physics and approach the job of adding vector quantities, we soon become aware of the fact in which the addition of two vector quant

National ambient air quality standards, The town of Smog, Idaho is located ...

The town of Smog, Idaho is located in a river valley and has a footprint of 6 km x 2 km.  It has an average daily emission rate of 1000 kg/day of PM 2.5  into the atmosphere from

Diode, #shockly diode equation..

#shockly diode equation..

Illustrate the waveform of output voltage, For circuit demonstrated in figu...

For circuit demonstrated in figure, draw waveform of output voltage V O . Suppose ideal diode D and lossless capacitor C. Name of the circuit given in figure is Positive C

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd