Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Describe the numerical aperture in the optical fibre, Describe the numerica...

Describe the numerical aperture in the optical fibre. Numerical Aperture: The numerical aperture is described as the sine of the acceptance angle. Therefore, Numerical

Calculate the value of the unknown resistance, In a Wheatstone bridge ABCD,...

In a Wheatstone bridge ABCD, a galvanometer is connected between A and C, and a battery among B and D. A resistor of unknown value is connected among A and B. When the bridg

What is an intrinsic semiconductor, What is an intrinsic semiconductor? How...

What is an intrinsic semiconductor? How can this material be changed into (i) P-type (ii) N-type extrinsic semiconductor? Describe with the help of energy band diagrams

Strains are measured by strain gage elements, A rectangular rosette is moun...

A rectangular rosette is mounted on a test structure as shown, loads are applied, and the following strains are measured by strain gage elements 1, 2, and 3: ε 1 = 1500 μm/ m ε

Explain cross belts, Using cross belts cross the belt on the spool pull...

Using cross belts cross the belt on the spool pulleys used in C 1 above and turn one of the pulleys. Note that they now turn in opposite directions.

Whether the molecular oscillators of the blackbody emitted, To develop the ...

To develop the correct mathematical explanation of the distribution of radiated energy of a blackbody with respect to wavelength for a given temperature. Planck found it essent

Polarization, In case of dextro rotation we consider angle positive & in ca...

In case of dextro rotation we consider angle positive & in case of leavo rotatory we consider negative. But in Maths Rotation to left increases value of angle ( + ve)& towards righ

Illustrate position-time graph, A jogger runs at a constant rate of 10.0 m ...

A jogger runs at a constant rate of 10.0 m every 2.0 s. The jogger starts at the origin, and runs in the positive direction for 3600.0 s.The figure below is a position-time graph s

Compute the thickness of the film, Q. A light of wavelength 6000 0 A falls ...

Q. A light of wavelength 6000 0 A falls normally on a thin air film, 6 dark fringes are seen between two points. Compute the thickness of the film. 2μt = nλ Thickness of t

Give any three applications of the superconductors, Q. Give any three appli...

Q. Give any three applications of the superconductors. i) High efficiency ore-separating machines may be built using superconducting magnets which can be used to separate tumou

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd