Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Can a solid as well as liquid together be possible, Q. Can a solid as well ...

Q. Can a solid as well as liquid together be possible? Answer:- In reality substances can exist in all three states of matter simultaneously if the conditions are right. T

Occilation, if we drill a hile along the diametre of earth and drop a ball ...

if we drill a hile along the diametre of earth and drop a ball inside it then what will happen the ball will occilate or drop down in the space

Explain drift velocity of free electrons, Explain 'drift velocity of free e...

Explain 'drift velocity of free electrons'? Derive Ohm's law on the basis of the theory of electron drift.

Explain static electricity, Static Electricity: 1. There are two types ...

Static Electricity: 1. There are two types of charges positive and negative. 2. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other. 3. Charged bodies make electric

Explain wave motion, Wave motion is the phenomenon in which the particle/ma...

Wave motion is the phenomenon in which the particle/matter ruins at the point where it is.  But the disturbance/energy get transferred from one point to the other.  The particle ju

All about bernoulli, write bernoulli,s equation using pressure,energy,and h...

write bernoulli,s equation using pressure,energy,and heads.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd