Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Illustrate what are the weights in pounds of liquid gallons, Q. Illustrate ...

Q. Illustrate what are the weights in pounds of liquid gallons? Answer:- First you should know the specific gravity of the liquid then you can compute the weight by multip

Why subsequently is there a attractive force on the paper, Question: If...

Question: If you chafe a rubber rod with rabbit fur thus giving the rod a negative charge and bring the rod near a few bits of neutral paper the rod will attract the bits of pa

What is crystal twinning, What is Crystal twinning Crystal twinning occ...

What is Crystal twinning Crystal twinning occurs when two divide crystals share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of

Determine the minimum pressure, The water level in a tank is 20 m above the...

The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight up. The tank is at sea

Find relativstic phenomena of light, If the speed of light were smaller tha...

If the speed of light were smaller than it is, would relativistic phenomena be more or less conspicuous than they are now? All else being similar, involving the rates of the ch

Explain change in kinetic energy, Two blocks are tied together by a horizon...

Two blocks are tied together by a horizontal string and pulled a distance of 2.7 m across an air hockey table with a constant force of 35 N. The force is directed at an upward angl

Describe how the laser transitions are arisen, Describe how the laser trans...

Describe how the laser transitions are arisen. The given energy level diagram could describe how the laser transitions arise. Collisions in between the He atoms and Ne

Explain quasi-static process and isothermal process, Explain quasi-static p...

Explain quasi-static process The process in the system the variables (PTV) alters very slowly so that the systems remain in thermal and mechanical equilibrium with its surround

State huygen''s principle, Q. State Huygen's principle. Huygen's princ...

Q. State Huygen's principle. Huygen's principle: (a) Every point on a specified wave front may be considered as a source of secondary wavelets which spread out with the sp

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd