Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Wave, mechanical wave

mechanical wave

Why magnetic poles are reversed at a given position, Why magnetic poles are...

Why magnetic poles are reversed at a given position on a deflection magnetometer to take readings? The magnetic moment of the magnet is 30 A-m 2 . Its length 10cm. What is its

what is current?, A simple electric circuit, where current is represented ...

A simple electric circuit, where current is represented by the letter i. The relationship among the voltage (V), resistance (R), and current (I) is V=IR; this is called as Ohm''s L

Assignment, composition of simple harmonic motion

composition of simple harmonic motion

Determine the volume flow rate, Water flows from a large tank through a lar...

Water flows from a large tank through a large pipe that splits into two smaller pipes as shown in Figure. If viscous effects are negligible (no head loss), determine the volume flo

Force operating on and acceleration of the block, A block of mass m is rest...

A block of mass m is resting on a piece of smooth paper. The block has coefficient of static and kinetic friction μ s , μ k with the paper, correspondingly. You jerk the paper hor

How greatly does automotive oil weigh, Q. How greatly does automotive oil w...

Q. How greatly does automotive oil weigh? Answer:- As a rough guide engine oil typically weighs about 0.87 kg/litter or about 7.2 pounds per US gallon. Regrettably a rough

Low resistivity materials, Low resistivity materials: The conducting mater...

Low resistivity materials: The conducting materials having resistivity between 10 -8 to 10 -6 ohm-m come under this category and are used in house wiring, as conductors for powe

Explain acceleration due to gravity, ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY. In th...

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY. In the absence of air resistance, all objects in free fall near the surface of the earth move in the direction of the earth with a uniform accelera

Define thermometry, The temperature of a body is measured indirectly by mak...

The temperature of a body is measured indirectly by making use of the fact that certain physical property of a substance changes linearly with the temperature If the value of th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd