Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Transition temperature, Transition temperature It is temperature (based...

Transition temperature It is temperature (based on the substance involved) below which a superconducting substance conducts electricity with zero resistance; as a result, the t

Turning effect of forces, information about parallel forces and its types a...

information about parallel forces and its types and examples

Define ampere in terms of force, Q. Define: ampere in terms of force A...

Q. Define: ampere in terms of force Ampere is defined as that steady current which when flowing through two parallel infinitely long straight conductors of negligible cross se

Properties of fluids, deduce an expression for pressure at any point inside...

deduce an expression for pressure at any point inside a liquid.

Determine the frequency of the supply, The voltage drops across two compone...

The voltage drops across two components when connected in series across an a.c. supply are v1 =150sin 314.2t and v2 =90sin(314.2t -∏/5) volts respectively. Determine (a) the v

Evaluate the focal length of the lens, An object is placed 25.0cm from a th...

An object is placed 25.0cm from a thin converging lens. A screen is positioned so that a sharp image of the object is seen on the screen. When the object is moved 4.0cm closer to t

Electric charges, Two charges eachof q=+2 micro coloumb are placed at the v...

Two charges eachof q=+2 micro coloumb are placed at the vertices Q and R of the triangle .the sum of sides PQ and PR is 12cm and their product is 32 cm_2 .the potential at point P

Find t in terms of d and v, An object that is moving in a straight line wit...

An object that is moving in a straight line with speed v covers a distance, d = vt, in time t. Rewrite the equation to find t in terms of d and v. How long does it take a plane tha

Car rear ends truck- momentum and collisions, Car Rear Ends Truck Colli...

Car Rear Ends Truck Collisions among objects are governed through laws of momentum and energy. While a collision occurs within an isolated system, the total momentum of the sys

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd