Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Evaluate the instantaneous angular accelerations, The angular position of a...

The angular position of a point on the rim of a rotating wheelies given by theta=4.0t -3.0t2 +t3, where theta is in radians and tis in seconds. What are the angular velocities at a

Explain vectors, Explain  vectors Vectors : a quantity that has a siz...

Explain  vectors Vectors : a quantity that has a size as well as direction is known a vector. So, for example, the wind blows with some speed and in some direction. So the win

Friction, why is friction necessary

why is friction necessary

Gravitation, why the magnetic field is zero at the center point of the eart...

why the magnetic field is zero at the center point of the earth

If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by tube, If two soap b...

If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a tube then, what happen? Ans) When these bubbles are joined through tube..the smaller bubble(with more pressure) gets its

Ohm’s law, OHM’S LAW: So far you have been introduced to the concepts o...

OHM’S LAW: So far you have been introduced to the concepts of electric current (as a movement of free electrons through a conducting material), voltage (or potential) and poten

Find kinetic energy, A particle with mass m = 2:5 is moving along a straigh...

A particle with mass m = 2:5 is moving along a straight trajectory. The distance covered by a particle is described by the function S(t) = t 3 + 2t 2 , where t > 0 is the time

How can electricity make magnetic fields?, How can electricity make magneti...

How can electricity make magnetic fields? In 1820, Oersted discovered that an electric current can produce a magnetic field. He happened to notice a compass move when he conn

Newton''s corpuscular theory, Newton's Corpuscular Theory: Newton's cor...

Newton's Corpuscular Theory: Newton's corpuscular theory of light states that 1. Light is emitted form of tiny particles is known as corpuscles. 2. The corpuscles travel

Acceleration on the earth, Do objects of different weights fall with same a...

Do objects of different weights fall with same acceleration on the earth? Yes , objects fall with the similar acceleration regardless of their weights at the surface of earth,

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd