Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Digital image, What is the raw file size for an image of 80 rows and 100 co...

What is the raw file size for an image of 80 rows and 100 columns, with pixels on 14 bits and with an extra row for the header? The minimum and maximum values observed in a

Angle of banking, Angle of banking: The angle made by the line joining...

Angle of banking: The angle made by the line joining the outer raised edge of the road to the inner edge with the horizontal line is called the angle of banking. Let AC rep

Name the losses occurring in a transformer, The losses occurring in a trans...

The losses occurring in a transformer are:- I) iron loss II) copper loss

Are there three various qualities of fiber optic, Are there three various q...

Are there three various qualities of fiber optics? Absolutely there are three different qualities of fibers optics. The raw materials used during the manufacture of fibers may

Direction of the current if any induced to flow in the loop, Question: ...

Question: A wire loop as well as a bar magnet lie in one and the same horizontal plane. The bar magnet is exterior of the loop. The bar magnet is rotating at a constant rate co

Evaluate the electric field, Question: Is it probable for the electric...

Question: Is it probable for the electric field to be zero in a region of space where the electric potential is not zero? Answer: Only if the electric potential has on

Determine instantaneous acceleration vector of an object, For an object mov...

For an object moving in uniform circular motion, the direction of the instantaneous acceleration vector is: w)  tangent to the path of motion x)  equal to zero y)

Explain peltier effect, When current is passed by a junction of two dissimi...

When current is passed by a junction of two dissimilar solids, the temperature is either evolved or absorbed at the node. This effect is known as Peltier effect

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd