Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Hr diagram, How to draw hr diagram including life cycle of the sun

How to draw hr diagram including life cycle of the sun

What point does the beam converge, Q. A beam of light converges at a point ...

Q. A beam of light converges at a point P. Now a lens is placed in the path of the convergent beam 12 cm from P. At what point does the beam converge if the lens is (a)a convex len

ACTIVITY, IN SUCCESSIVE DISINTEGRATION WHY DOUGHTER ELEMENT NOT DECAY WHEN ...

IN SUCCESSIVE DISINTEGRATION WHY DOUGHTER ELEMENT NOT DECAY WHEN IT FORM BUT DECAY AFTER A FIEW TIME FROM ITS FORMATION

Electronics 1, norton theorem and its application and uses in sciences

norton theorem and its application and uses in sciences

Define amplitude (a), The Maximum displacement of a vibrating particle of m...

The Maximum displacement of a vibrating particle of medium from its mean position is known as amplitude.

Electronics, if you want to amplify input signal of +-20mV amplitude and a ...

if you want to amplify input signal of +-20mV amplitude and a 100 MHz frequency,which parameters of OP-amp play a significant role? what should be the values of the parameters?just

Phosphorus cycle, How does electricity affect the phosphorus cycle?

How does electricity affect the phosphorus cycle?

Evaluate the electric field, Question: Is it probable for the electric...

Question: Is it probable for the electric field to be zero in a region of space where the electric potential is not zero? Answer: Only if the electric potential has on

Cirucular force, If 3 particles of different mass located at different pos...

If 3 particles of different mass located at different positions: 1- 1kg position : (0,0) 2- 2kg position: (0,5) 3- 3kg position : (-1,0) If a force of 2 N at 45 degrees is applie

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd