Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.
Why newton rings are circular?
As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water. If we float some ice in a glass of water, what happens to the water level as the ice melts? M
Explain the Friction Friction is a force that works against all motion. It slows everything down and it is the reason that the motion we are most familiar with always seems to
Can you give the graphical comparison among the following three kinds of harmonic motion: i. Under damped harmonic motion ii. Over damped harmonic motion iii. Critically
Splitting of signals is caused by: (1) Proton (2) Neutron (3) Positron (4) Electron Ans: (1) Proton
(i) On the average, particles are separated by a distance of the order of 10-10 m and exert a force of attraction of the order of 10-11 N on each other. (ii) The force of atta
Determine the N-type drain and gate When gate is made positive with respect to source and substrate, negative (i.e. minority) charge carriers within the substrate are attracted
1). A ring of outer diameter 80 cm is made from square of cross -section steel bar size(8 *8 cm) . If relative permeability 1200 for steel . calculate the current needed to produce
For what purpose do we use Schrodinger equation in our daily life?
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY. In the absence of air resistance, all objects in free fall near the surface of the earth move in the direction of the earth with a uniform accelera
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd