Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

How is laser in heat treatment use as nuclear fusion, How is laser in heat ...

How is laser in heat treatment use as nuclear fusion? Nuclear fusion A few of the world's most powerful and complicated arrangements of multiple lasers and optical amplifier

Physics question with infinite nonconducting uniform, Physics question with...

Physics question with infinite nonconducting uniformly charged planes? Two infinite non conducting uniformly charged planes lie parallel to each other and to the yx plane. One is

Define band emission spectrum, (i) It having of district bright bands. (...

(i) It having of district bright bands. (ii)It is given by an excited source in molecular state. (iii) E.g. Spectra of molecular NH 3 , CO, H 2 etc.

Michelson morley experiment, Michelson Morley Experiment The Michelson...

Michelson Morley Experiment The Michelson-Morley experiment was performed within the year of 1887 through Albert Michelson and Edward Morley at what is presently Case Western

Determine frequency of boat - sound waves, Boat A is travelling at 4.6 m/s....

Boat A is travelling at 4.6 m/s. Boat B is moving away from boat A at 9.2 m/s, as shown in the figure below. The captain of boat B blows an air horn with a frequency of 550 Hz

Determine the actual distance from first face, A small air bubble is inside...

A small air bubble is inside a cube of 0.21 m. When viewed from one face it seems to be at a depth of 0.06 m, when viewed from opposite face the bubble seems to be at a depth of 0.

What colour of light is the alteration in direction red, A ray of white lig...

A ray of white light in air passes by a glass plate. Refraction takes place. The direction in which the light is travelling changes. For what colour of light is the alteration in d

Car and truck in head on collision, Car and Truck in Head on Collision ...

Car and Truck in Head on Collision Inelastic Collision : Collisions among objects are governed through laws of energy and momentum. Although a collision occurs inside an isol

Interference, with the help of diagram explain the working of newton''s rin...

with the help of diagram explain the working of newton''s ring

Explain nuclear reactor, Nuclear Reactor: During fission large amount o...

Nuclear Reactor: During fission large amount of energy is free in the form of heat. A system, which is used to get controlled amount of heat energy from nuclear fission is know

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd