Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Determine speed of the slider, The spring of constant k is un-stretched whe...

The spring of constant k is un-stretched when the slider of mass m pass position B as shown in the figure above.  If the slider is released from the position A, Determine: (i) S

Transform kinetic energy into vertical potential energy, Transform kinetic ...

Transform kinetic energy into vertical potential energy A pole vaulter performs the extraordinary feat of converting his forward kinetic energy to vertical potential energy. Us

Find current gain ß of a transistor, Q. Collector current I c =20 mA and ba...

Q. Collector current I c =20 mA and base current I b = 50 A. Find current gain β of a transistor. β = I C / I B = 20 X 10 -3 / 50 X 10 -6 = 400

Mass energy relation, Until the time of Einstein, mass and energy were cons...

Until the time of Einstein, mass and energy were considered as two different physical quantities. But in 1905, with the help of postulates of the special theory of relativity Einst

Thermal expansion, When a body is heated, it expands in terms of area, leng...

When a body is heated, it expands in terms of area, length & temperature and volume rises. In a solid, molecules may only have thermal agitation. As temperature of a object enhance

By which heating elements of electric irons are made, The heating elements ...

The heating elements of electric irons are made of (A) Copper.        (B) Nichrome. (C) Constantan. (D) Aluminium. Ans: The heating components of electric irons ar

Scattering, derive an expression for the total cross section for the scatte...

derive an expression for the total cross section for the scattering of light by a polorisable molecule in term of the incedent wave length.

Determine the magnification produced, An object is placed at a distance of ...

An object is placed at a distance of 0.12m from a convex lens forms an image at a distance of 0.18m. Determine the magnification produced.

Determine the specific heat of granite, A 2350-kg granite tombstone absorbs...

A 2350-kg granite tombstone absorbs 2.8 x 10 7 J of energy from the Sun to change its temperature from 5.0°C at night to 20.0°C during an autumn day. Verify the specific heat

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd