Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.
Action and reaction are always equal and opposite.Then,how does a body moves?
The simple equation E = mc² is not usually applicable to all these types of mass and energy, except in the special case that the total additive momentum is zero for the system unde
What are the characteristics of laser? Characteristics of LASER: The given are the properties of laser that differentiate this from ordinary light as: a. Monochromaticit
Q. Find the minimum wavelength of X-rays produced by an X-ray tube operating at 1000 kV. λmin = 12400 A 0 / V Therefore λmin = 12400 X 10 -10 / 10 6 = 0.0124 A 0
The heat-rejection system for a condenser of a steam power plant is to be designed for minimum first plus pumping cost. The heat-rejection rate from the condenser is 14MW. The foll
derive an expression for density of states and hence deduce an expression for carrier concentration of metals
Ask question #Minimum 10theory0 words accepted#
An object is placed at a distance of 0.12m from a convex lens forms an image at a distance of 0.18m. Determine the magnification produced.
Ammeter: An electromechanical instrument which is used to calculate the amount of current flowing by an electric circuit is known as an ammeter. It is modified form of a gal
Q. What does the MeV in MeV photon mean? Answer:- The MeV denotes million electron volts. It's a calculation of the energy the energy in the photon which is a quantum (or
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +1-415-670-9521
Phone: +1-415-670-9521
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd