Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Determine the magnitude and direction of the reaction, A load of P59 kN act...

A load of P59 kN acts at right angles to the beam AB.  The angle of the beam to a horizontal x axis at A is P60. The supports are a pin joint at A and a Rocker at B.  Determine the

Evaluate the increase in internal energy of the water, When water is boiled...

When water is boiled under a pressure of 2.00 atm, the heat of vaporization is 2.20 x 10^6 J/kg and the boling point is 120Degrees C. At this pressure, 1.00 kg of water has a volum

What is phyiscs, What is phyiscs Physics is a science. Science works ac...

What is phyiscs Physics is a science. Science works according to the scientific method. The scientific method accepts only reason, logic, and experimental evidence to tell amon

Self Gravitational PE, Self Gravitational Potential Energy of matter formin...

Self Gravitational Potential Energy of matter forming a thin uniform shell of mass M and radius R is-

Why area of surface has no role in motion due to friction, Friction is a mi...

Friction is a microscopic constant and so macroscopic level area does not matter. But area would matter if the object we''re putting under study was microscopic, which isn''t in o

What is the average power consumption, The electric utility invoice for a h...

The electric utility invoice for a household shows a usage of 1245 kWh during a certain 30-day period. What is the average power consumption during this period?

Radioactivity, law of successive diintegration

law of successive diintegration

Illustrate what is balanced field takeoff, Q. Illustrate what is balanced f...

Q. Illustrate what is balanced field takeoff? Answer:- A balanced field with admiration to aircraft takeoff performance refers to the minimum length of runway that will pe

Kinematics, how to solve question for kinematics problem

how to solve question for kinematics problem

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd