Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Phenomenon of interference of water waves, Phenomenon of interference of wa...

Phenomenon of interference of water waves 1. Arrange two identical adjacent pins (S1 and S2) vibrating in a ripple tank with the same frequency. 2. In the figure S and S ar

#title. entopy., what is entropy and how is it useful in our everyday life?...

what is entropy and how is it useful in our everyday life?

Will we always see a difference in brightness along an optic, Will we alway...

Will we always see a difference in brightness along an optic? Not essentially so. The human imagine system appreciates illuminance grades into a logarithmic fashion and when th

Determine the angle at second order principal maximum, A plane diffraction ...

A plane diffraction grating of width 2.5cm has 1500 rulings. Monochromatic light of wave length 5893A 0 is incident normally on it. Determine the angle at which second order princ

Temperature, If the temperature in a room is 84 degrees at the floor what w...

If the temperature in a room is 84 degrees at the floor what will it be at a 30 foot ceiling

How do you separate hydrogen and oxygen gases, How do you separate Hydrogen...

How do you separate Hydrogen and Oxygen gases in industrial electrolysis of water process? In electrolysis, oxygen and hydrogen gas are formed at dissimilar electrodes (oxygen

Define current density, Q. Define: current density. Give its unit. The ...

Q. Define: current density. Give its unit. The amount of charge passing per unit time through unit area taken perpendicular to the direction of flow of charge at that point is

Illustrate what is a positron, Illustrate what is a positron? Answer:-...

Illustrate what is a positron? Answer:- A positron is a positively charged electron and it's an anti-electron - antimatter! The positron has a charge of +1 just the opposi

Explain vibratory and oscillatory motion, Vibratory and Oscillatory Motion ...

Vibratory and Oscillatory Motion : To and fro or back and forth motion of an object is known as vibratory and oscillatory motion.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd