Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Financial records, Safe and Sound Ltd is a public company whose business is...

Safe and Sound Ltd is a public company whose business is the manufacture and sale of home security systems.  Only 100,000 shares have been issued: Kate Smith and her sister Sara

Laser, what is the importance of laser?

what is the importance of laser?

What are end-terminations, What are end-terminations? Again, we get our...

What are end-terminations? Again, we get ourselves in an area where many confusion and controversy are the order of the day. Several American institutions have tried to set sta

Magnetic field, how to study the earth''s magnetic field using a tangent ga...

how to study the earth''s magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer?

Why the centre of newtons rings pattern appears dark, Q. Why the centre of ...

Q. Why the centre of Newton's rings pattern appears dark? The thickness of the air film becomes zero at the point of contact of lens L with glass plate P. Therefore there is no

What is the cheetah average acceleration, A cheetah can reach a top speed o...

A cheetah can reach a top speed of 27.8 m/s in 5.2 s. What is the cheetah's average acceleration?

Free-particle, Free-particle A.  Suppose that the wavefunction for a f...

Free-particle A.  Suppose that the wavefunction for a free-particle is given by the wavefunction Find the value of A that normalizes Ψ (x). B.  The Hamiltonian oper

What distance does the cheetah cover, A cheetah can accelerate from rest to...

A cheetah can accelerate from rest to a speed of 27.8 m/s in 5.20 s. The cheetah can carry this speed for 9.70 s before it quickly runs out of energy and stops. What distance does

Explain about end rule, Q. Explain about end rule? When glanced from on...

Q. Explain about end rule? When glanced from one end if the current through the solenoid is along clockwise direction the nearer end corresponds to South Pole and the other end

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd