Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Waves, what are coherent waves

what are coherent waves

Explain potential energy, The energy possessed by a object by virtue of its...

The energy possessed by a object by virtue of its position or its configuration is called its potential energy. Concept of potential energy is valid only in conservative field.

Can a solid and liquid together be possible, Can a solid and liquid togethe...

Can a solid and liquid together be possible? Actually, substances can exist in all three states of matter concurrently if the conditions are right. The triple point of a substa

Hall effect, Hall Effect may be used for which of the following? (A) D...

Hall Effect may be used for which of the following? (A) Determining whether the semiconductor is p or n type. (B) Determining the carrier concentration. (C) Calculat

Kl, #quuiujiestion..

#quuiujiestion..

A lever of the first class, A lever of the first class Saw off a stick ...

A lever of the first class Saw off a stick or board so that it is the similar height as a heavy desk or table in the classroom. Place another stick about the similar length on

Effective mass, why effective mass are tensor quantities

why effective mass are tensor quantities

Explain internal or external forces, Explain internal or external forces ...

Explain internal or external forces Forces can be internal or external. For instance the mutual attraction of atoms within a block of wood are known as internal forces. Somethi

What is the thermal entry length, Sample Problem: Consider laminar flow thr...

Sample Problem: Consider laminar flow through two infinitely wide parallel plates spaced D apart from one another. What is the thermal entry length?

Newton's law of gravitation, Newton's Law of Gravitation In 1687, Newto...

Newton's Law of Gravitation In 1687, Newton did not "discover" gravity but he did figure out that gravity is universal. It makes a ball fall when you drop it on earth. It also

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd