Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Restitution for the ball hitting , A ball of mass 0.7 kg is dropped vertica...

A ball of mass 0.7 kg is dropped vertically from a height of 10 m onto a concrete floor. The ball is observed to bounce a number of times before coming to rest. The coefficient of

Define baron von munchausen and intergalactic travel, Define Baron von Münc...

Define Baron von Münchausen and Intergalactic Travel? Recently get archives of the late Baron von Münchausen brought to light some unpublished scientific papers. In one of them

The charge and discharge characteristics of lead battery, The charge and di...

The charge and discharge characteristics of lead battery: During discharge the plates are converted into lead sulphate, the water content of the electrolyte increases, the inte

Cut an apple in two parts with inertia, Cut an apple in two parts with iner...

Cut an apple in two parts with inertia Secure a long sharp knife like as a carving knife. Cut into the apple with the knife unless you can pick them up together. Be sure to hav

Lab question, figure of merit: amount of current through a conductor per un...

figure of merit: amount of current through a conductor per unit deflection and why? the name figure of merit

Explain about refracting telescopes, Refracting telescopes, if uncorrected,...

Refracting telescopes, if uncorrected, suffer from chromatic aberration.  Chromatic aberration occurs because: a)  red light is focused more strongly than blue light b)

Name the different methods of charging a battery, Different methods of char...

Different methods of charging a battery:  There are two general methods are employed for charging are:- A) constant current system and B) constant voltage system..

Optic fiber, why the reflective index of cladding is lower then in core of ...

why the reflective index of cladding is lower then in core of a fiber optic?

Electrical susceptibility, It is a measure of how easily a dielectric mater...

It is a measure of how easily a dielectric material polarizes in response to an electric field.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd