Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

Steps of working of unijunction transistor, Steps of working of Unijunction...

Steps of working of Unijunction Transistor (i)  When emitter circuit is closed through switch S but emitter voltage is reduced to zero, and a voltage V BB is applied between

Evaluate the path of the magnetic field, A straight vertical wire passes by...

A straight vertical wire passes by a wooden table top. The wire carries an upward directed current. Evaluate the path of the magnetic field of the wire at a point on the table top

Defects of vision and their correction, Defects of vision and their correct...

Defects of vision and their correction There is a simple relationship between the focal length F ,the object distance P and the image distance Q of a thin lens fig(1).

Resonence, give example phenomena of resonance?

give example phenomena of resonance?

Explain p-type substance, P-Type Substance: When a small quantity of bo...

P-Type Substance: When a small quantity of boron or Indium (group III A elements ) is added to silicon or Germanium, holes are formed in it and it becomes good conductor of pos

Explain about the piezoelectric effect, Explain about the piezoelectric eff...

Explain about the piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric effect: While crystals as quartz or tourmaline are stressed beside any pair of opposite faces, electric charges of oppo

Recent trends in super conductors, Super conductivity has long been a stapl...

Super conductivity has long been a staple of science fiction one of the first mentions of the phenomenon occurred in Robert A Heinlein’s novel “Beyond this Horizon (1942)”. Notably

Analogue multimeter, Analogue multimeter: Even the most basic analogue ...

Analogue multimeter: Even the most basic analogue multimeter can prove to be invaluable when in the hands of an experienced user. Simple measurements of voltage, current and r

Reflection of a pulse at a free end, Reflection of a Pulse at a Free End ...

Reflection of a Pulse at a Free End Let's assume a pulse moving by a medium - perhaps by a rope or a slinky. What happens to the pulse while it reaches the end of in which medi

High frequency alternating current by a loud speaker, Give reason that ultr...

Give reason that ultrasonics not be produced by passing high frequency alternating current by a loud speaker At these high frequencies, inductive reactance is so high where is

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd