Crystal growth, Physics

Assignment Help:

 

The fabrication of discrete and integrated circuit solid state devices requires semiconductor crystals with impurity concentrations as low as possible and crystals that contain very few imperfection. A number of laboratory techniques are available for growing high purity semiconductor crystal. The refining of silicon by the Czochralski Technology is the most common method of producing monocrystalline silicon large diameter monocrystalline silicon can be grown with the Czochralski technique. This method involves growing a single crystal ingot from the melt, using solidification on a seed crystal as depicted. Czochralski silicon can be grown with resistivity in the order of 1 to 2mO-cm. Which is sufficient for making of most IC’s; including low to medium power IC’s. Molten Si is held in a quartz crucible in graphite suspected, which is heated by a radio frequency induction coil. A small dislocation free crystal, known as a seed, is lowered to touch the melt and then gradually pulled out of the melt. The seed is rotated in the pulling stage, to get a cylindrical ingot. To suppress evaporation from the melt and prevent oxidation, argon gas is passed through the system. At first, when the crystal is withdrawn, its cross –sectional area increase. It then reaches a constant value determined by the temperature gradients, heat losses and the pull. As the melt solidifies on the crystals, heat of fusion is released and must be away through the crystal. While the rate of pull finds the rate at which latent heat is released. To obtain an ingot with a large cross-sectional area, the pull speed must be slow. The Czochralski technique is also used for growing Gallium; Gallium Arsenide through each case has its own particular requirements. The main drawback of the Czochralski technique is that the final silicon crystal inevitably contains oxygen impurities dissolved from the quartz crystal crucible.

 


Related Discussions:- Crystal growth

What do you mean by magnetic induction? , Q) What do u mean by magnetic ind...

Q) What do u mean by magnetic induction? what is the dimensioin of magnetic induction? Ans) Electromagnetic induction is the manufacture of a potential difference (voltage) acro

Show the amperes law, The integral in Ampere's Law is an integral. ...

The integral in Ampere's Law is an integral. Answer: The integral is an integral along (over) a closed path (curve).

Explain about the monochromaticity of laser, Explain about the monochromati...

Explain about the monochromaticity of laser. Monochromaticity: The light emitted through a laser is monochromatic, that is this is of one wavelength (colour). Although in ca

Explain agriculture, Agriculture: 1. Radio isotopes are used to verify...

Agriculture: 1. Radio isotopes are used to verify the optimum amount of fertilizer for the plants. 2. It is used to kill bacteria and conserved food stuff. 3. It is used

Are the units of e volts per meter, The x-component of the electric field c...

The x-component of the electric field categorized by an electric potential V(x,y,z) be capable of be expressed as -dV/dx holding y and z constant. This would propose that the units

Explain the basic concept of sonar, Explain the basic concept of sonar. ...

Explain the basic concept of sonar. Basic concept of SONAR: Sonar is based ontpo the echo-sounding technique of ultrasound. While an ultrasonic wave is transmitted by water,

Statics , a sphere is at rest on a wall at a angle of 3,4(slpoe) to the lef...

a sphere is at rest on a wall at a angle of 3,4(slpoe) to the left. it also rest against a vertical wall. we are to find the magnitude of the resultant force at the vertical wall.

Find angular velocitie and total acceleration vecto, Krusty the Clown and S...

Krusty the Clown and Sideshow Bob have covered themselves in velcro, and shot themselves out of a large cannon so that they stick to a huge rotating velcro wheel (don't try this at

Magnifying glass, Magnifying Glass: A biconvex lens of short focal leng...

Magnifying Glass: A biconvex lens of short focal length and low power which forms a virtual and magnified image of an object placed with its focal length is known as magnifying

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd