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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Ignorability : The missing data mechanism is said to be ignorable for likelihood inference if (1) the joint likelihood for the responses of the interest and missing data indicators
Marginal matching is the matching of the treatment groups in terms of means or other summary characteristics of matching variables. This has been shown to be almost as efficient a
Comparative exposure rate : A measure of alliance for use in a matched case-control study, de?ned as the ratio of the number of case-control pairs, where the case has greater expos
Point scoring is an easy distribution free method which can be used for the prediction of a response which is a binary variable from the observations on several explanatory variab
Network sampling is a sampling design in which the simple random sample or strati?ed sample of the sampling units is made and all observational units which are linked to any of th
Cohort study : An investigation in which the group of individuals (or the cohort) is identi?ed and followed prospectively, possibly for many years, and their subsequent medical his
The time series for RESI1, HI1 and COOK1 have appeared again with different outlier values even though the 17 outliers found early were removed.
Multimodal distribution is the probability distribution or frequency distribution with number of modes. Multimodality is frequently taken as an indication which the observed di
K-means cluster analysis is the method of cluster analysis in which from an initial partition of observations into K clusters, each observation in turn is analysed and reassigned,
Individual differences scaling is a form of multidimensional scaling applicable to the data comprising of a number of proximity matrices from the different sources that is differe
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