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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
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Why Graph theory? It is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of sets of points (vertices or nodes) some of which are connected by the lines known as the edges. A
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Hazard function : The risk which an individual experiences an event in a small time interval, given that the individual has survived up to the starting of the interval. It is th
5. Packages from a machine a normally distributed with a mean 200g and its standard deviation 2grams. Find the probability that a package from the machine weighs a) Less than
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historigrams and histogram
Glejser test is the test for the heteroscedasticity in the error terms of the regression analysis which involves regressing the absolute values of the regression residuals for the
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