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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
The approach of controlling the error rate in an exploratory analysis where number of hypotheses are tested, but where the strict control which is provided by multiple comparison p
Mantel Haenszel estimator is an estimator of assumed common odds ratio in the series of two-by-two contingency tables arising from the different populations, for instance, occ
Personal probabilities : A radically special approach for allocating probabilities to events than, for instance, the commonly used long-term relative frequency approach. In this ty
Monty Hall problem : A apparently counter-intuitive problem in the probability which gets its name from the TV game show, 'Let's Make a Deal' hosted by the Monty Hall. On show a pa
This is the branch of mathematics which deals with the theory of contests between two or more players under the specified sets of rules. The subject supposes a statistical aspect w
literature review of latin square design.
ACC – A pioneer in the Indian cement industry Associated Cement Companies Ltd. (ACC) came into existence in 1936, after the merger of 10 companies belonging to four important bus
Confidence interval : A range of the values, calculated from the sample observations which is believed, with the particular probability, to posses the true parameter value. A 95% c
Minimum volume ellipsoid is a term for ellipsoid of the minimum volume which covers some specified proportion of the set of multivariate data. It is commonly used to construct rob
The plot of the number of cases of the disease against the time period. A large and sudden increase corresponds to an epidemic. The example of this is shown in the figure drawn bel
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