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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Conjugate prior : The distribution for samples from the particular probability distribution such that the posterior distribution at each stage of the sampling is of the identical f
ACC – A pioneer in the Indian cement industry Associated Cement Companies Ltd. (ACC) came into existence in 1936, after the merger of 10 companies belonging to four important bus
For a career woman, wearing lipstick has become an integral part of her daily life. It is not unusual for a woman to look for a lipstick that will stay on her lips and not smudge o
Atomistic fallacy : A fallacy which arises because of the association between two variables at the individual level might vary from the association between the same two variables m
Last observation carried forward is a technique for replacing the observations of the patients who drop out of the clinical trial carried out over a time period. It consists of su
MAZ experiments : The Mixture-amount experiments which include control tests for which the entire amount of the mixture is set to zero. Examples comprise drugs (some patients do no
Categorical variable : A variable which provides the appropriate label of observation after the allocation to one of the several possible categories, for instance, the respiratory
Reciprocal transformation is a transformation of the form y =1/x, which is specifically useful for certain types of variables. Resistances, for instance, become conductances, and
The time series for RESI1, HI1 and COOK1 have appeared again with different outlier values even though the 17 outliers found early were removed.
Law of likelihood : Within framework of the statistical model, a particular set of data supports one statistical hypothesis or assumption better than another if the likelihood of t
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