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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Consider a decision faced by a cattle breeder. The breeder must decide how many cattle he should sell in the market each year and how many he should retain for breeding purposes. S
Conjugate prior : The distribution for samples from the particular probability distribution such that the posterior distribution at each stage of the sampling is of the identical f
Recurrence risk : Usually the probability that an individual experiences an event of interest given previous experience(s) of the event; for example, the probability of recurrence
Tree is the term from the branch of the mathematics which known as the graph theory, used to describe any set of the straight-line segments joining the pairs of points in some pro
This term is sometimes used for the analysis of data from the clinical trial in which treatments A and B are to be compared under the suppositions that the patients remain on their
Locally weighted regression is the method of regression analysis in which the polynomials of degree one (linear) or two (quadratic) are used to approximate regression function in
A comprehensive regression analysis of the case study London has been carried out to test the 4 assumptions of regression: 1. Variables are normally distributed 2. Linear rel
Influence statistics: The range of statistics designed to assess the effect or the in?uence of an observation in determining results of the regression analysis. The general approa
A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where ha
The transformation of the Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, r, can be given by The statistic z has the normal distribution with mean here ρ is the pop
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