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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Kappa coefficient : The chance corrected index of the agreement between, for instance, judgements and diagnoses made by the two raters. Calculated as the ratio of the noticed exces
Multicentre study : The clinical trial conducted simultaneously in the number of participating hospitals, with all centres following an agreed-upon study of the protocol and with
Different approaches to the study of early indian history
Cochrane collaboration : An international network of the individuals committed to preparing , maintaining and disseminating the systematic reviews of the effects of the health care
Bivariate boxplot : A bivariate analogue of boxplot in which the inner area contains 50%of the data, and a 'fence' helps to identify the potential outliers. Robust methods or techn
The nonparametric Bayesian inference approach to using the finite mixture distributions for modelling data suspected of the containing distinct groups of observations; this approac
The GRE has a combined verbal and quantitative mean of 1000 and a standard deviation of 200.
Mauchly test is a test which a variance-covariance matrix of pair wise differences of responses in the set of longitudinal data is the scalar multiple of identity matrix, a proper
Play-the-winner rule is a process sometimes considered in the clinical trials in which the response to treatment is positive (a success) or negative (a failure). One of two treatm
Post stratification adjustmen t: One of the most often used population weighting adjustments used in the complex surveys, in which weights for the elements in a class are multiplie
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