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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
The estimator of the group by the time period interaction in a study in which the subjects in two different groups are observed in two different time periods. Normally one of th
difference between histogram and historigram
The procedure in which the prior distribution is required in the application of Bayesian inference, it is determined from empirical evidence, namely same data for which the posteri
Principal factor analysis is the method of factor analysis which is basically equivalent to a principal components analysis performed on reduced covariance matrix attained by repl
Causality: The relating of the reasons to the effects they produce. Several investigations in medicine seek to establish the causal relations between the events, for instance, whi
This term is sometimes used for the data collected in those longitudinal studies in which more than the single response variable is recorded for each subject on each occasion. For
Band matrix: A matrix which has its non zero elements arranged uniformly near to the diagonal, so that aij = 0 if (i - j)> ml or (j - i)> mu where aij are the elements of matrix a
A law supposedly applicable to voting behaviour which has a history of several decades. It may be stated thus: Consider a two-party system and suppose that the representatives of t
The marketing manager of Handy Foods Ltd. is concerned with the sales appeal of one of the company's present label for one of its products. Market research indicates that supermark
Atomistic fallacy : A fallacy which arises because of the association between two variables at the individual level might vary from the association between the same two variables m
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