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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
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The procedures used for determining how the quality of life is affected by the environment, in particular by factors such as air and solid wastes, water pollution, hazardous substa
The total amount of protein produced by a dairy cow can be estimated from periodic testing of her milk. The following are the total annual protein production values (lb) for 28 tw
Complier average causal effect (CACE): The treatment effect amid true compliers in the clinical trial. For the suitable response variable, the CACE is given by the difference in o
Records on the computer manufacturing process at Pratt-Zungia Limited show that the percentage of defective computers sent to customers has been 5% over the last few years. Shipme
This is the branch of mathematics which deals with the theory of contests between two or more players under the specified sets of rules. The subject supposes a statistical aspect w
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The non-trivial extraction of implicit, earlier unknown and potentially useful information from data, specifically high-dimensional data, using pattern recognition, artificial inte
HOW TO OBTAIN THE LASPEYRES QUANTITY INDEX AND THE FORMULA
Inliers is the term used for the observations most likely to be subject to error in situations where the dichotomy is developed by making a ‘cut’ on an ordered scale, and where th
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