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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Principal components analysis is a process for analysing multivariate data which transforms original variables into the new ones which are uncorrelated and account for decreasing
Band matrix: A matrix which has its non zero elements arranged uniformly near to the diagonal, so that aij = 0 if (i - j)> ml or (j - i)> mu where aij are the elements of matrix a
Chernoff's faces : A method or technique for representing the multivariate data graphically. Each observation is represented by the computer-created face, the features of which are
Bartlett decomposition : The expression for the random matrix A which has a Wishart distribution as the product of the triangular matrix and the transpose of it. Letting each of x
Calibration : A procedure which enables a series of simply obtainable but inaccurate measurements of some quantity of interest to be used to provide more precise estimates of the r
A metal fabrication process uses a die-cast metal fastener at a uniform rate of 300 units per year. Currently, this item is currently purchased from an external supplier at a unit
MAZ experiments : The Mixture-amount experiments which include control tests for which the entire amount of the mixture is set to zero. Examples comprise drugs (some patients do no
A term commonly encountered in the application of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering techniques, where it refers to the 'tree-like' diagram illustrating the series of steps
difference between histogram and historigram
The procedure in which initially the sample of subjects is selected for generating the auxillary information only, and then the second sample is selected in which the variable of i
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