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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Non-randomized clinical trial is the clinical trial in which the series of consecutive patients receive a new treatment and those which respond (according to some of the pre-defin
A name sometimes given to the type of diagram generally used in meta-analysis, in which point estimates and confidence intervals are displayed for all the studies included in the a
Paired availability design is a design which can lessen selection bias in the situations where it is not possible to use random allocation of the subjects to treatments. The desig
The model which arises in the context of estimating the size of the closed population where individuals within the population could be identified only during some of the observatio
Chebyshev's inequality: A statement about the proportion of the observations which fall within some number of the standard deviations of the mean for any of the probability distri
Negative hyper geometric distribution : In sampling without replacement from the population comprising of r elements of one kind and N - r of another, if two elements corresponding
There are two periods. You observe that Jack consumes 100 apples in period t = 0, and 120 apples in period t = 1. That is, (c 0 ; c 1 ) = (100; 120) Suppose Jack has the util
Build-Rite construction has received favorable publicity from guest appearances on a public TV home improvement program. Public TV programming decisions seem to be unpredictable, s
The approach to statistics based on a frequency view of probability in which it is supposed that it is possible to consider an in?nite sequence of the independent repetitions of th
Treatment allocation ratio is the ratio of the number of subjects allocated to the two treatments in a clinical trial. The equal allocation is most usual in practice, but it might
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