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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Initial data analysis (IDA): The first phase in the examination of the data set which comprises number of informal steps including the following steps * checking the quality o
The model for data containing continuous and categorical variables both.The categorical data are summarized by the contingency table and their marginal distribution, 182by the mult
Chapter 7 2. Describe the distribution of sample means (shape, expected value, and standard error) for samples of n =36 selected from a population with a mean of µ = 100 and a sta
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A directed graph is simple if each ordered pair of vertices is the head and tail of at most one edge; one loop may be present at each vertex. For each n ≥ 1, prove or disprove the
Maximum likelihood estimation is an estimation procedure involving maximization of the likelihood or the log-likelihood with respect to the parameters. Such type of estimators is
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Conjoint analysis : The method used basically in market research which is similar in many respects to the various dimensional scaling. The method attempts to assign values to the l
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