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The type of longitudinal study in which the subjects receive different treatments on the various occasions. Random allocation is required to determine the order in which the treatments are received. The simplest such design includes two groups of the subjects, one of which receives each of the two treatments, A and B, in the order AB, while the other takes them in the reverse order. This is called as a two-by-two crossover design. While the treatment comparison is 'within-subject' rather than the 'between-subject', it is likely to need fewer subjects to achieve the given power. The study of such designs is not necessarily straight- forward because of the possibility of the carryover effects, that is left over effects of the treatment received on the first occasion which remain present into the second occasion. An attempt to minimize this problem is many times made by including the wash-out period between the two treatment occasions. Some of the authorities have suggested that this type of design should only be used if such carryover effects can be ruled out a priori. Crossover designs are only applicable to the chronic conditions for which short-term relief of the symptoms is the goal rather than a cure of it.
Prognostic scoring system is a technique of combining the prognostic information contained in the number of threat factors, in a manner which best predicts each patient's risk of
Bimodal distribution : The probability distribution, or we can simply say the frequency distribution, with two modes. Figure 15 shows the example of each of them
Multicentre study : The clinical trial conducted simultaneously in the number of participating hospitals, with all centres following an agreed-upon study of the protocol and with
An auditor for a government agency needs to evaluate payments for doctors' office visits paid by Medicare in a small regional town during the month of June. A total of 25,056 visit
The act of combining data from heterogeneous sources with the intent of extracting information that would not be available for any single source in isolation. An example is the com
Modern hotels and certain establishments make use of an electronic door lock system. To open a door an electronic card is inserted into a slot. A green light indicates that the doo
K-means cluster analysis is the method of cluster analysis in which from an initial partition of observations into K clusters, each observation in turn is analysed and reassigned,
Literature controls : The patients with the disease of interest who have received, in the past, one of two treatments under the investigation, and for whom the results have been pu
The approach to statistics based on a frequency view of probability in which it is supposed that it is possible to consider an in?nite sequence of the independent repetitions of th
Multiple imputation : The Monte Carlo technique in which missing values in the data set are replaced by m> 1 simulated versions, where m is usually small (say 3-10). Each of simula
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