Construction Activities for plant

Construction activities, such as shoring and bracing of excavations, lifting and rigging activities and scaffolding need to be considered as part of the design.

The primary hazard of trenching and excavation is employee injury from collapse. An excavation design shall include adequate sloping and benching or adequate support and protective system to protect personnel during the construction activities. Soil analysis is an important part of determining the appropriate sloping, benching and shoring. An added hazard exists if excavation extends below the groundwater table.

A number of features need to be addressed during the plant layout including crane access to equipment and drop areas, height of crane to accommodate the size and shape of items to be lifted, clearance over other facilities and sling allowance, personnel access to gantry, and size of buffers and structural steel to accommodate loadings.

Lifting of heavy equipment into place by crane may require the construction of specific foundations or lift pads. Rigging requires careful evaluation of slings for use because of the wide variety of safety factors which must be considered for each case. These factors include but are not limited to:

• Size and type of sling.

• The method of fastening.

• Sheaves, sprockets, and drums.

• Condition of equipment or material.

• Size and shape of load.

• Type of attachment.