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Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails even then the database should come back to a consistent state.
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
What are the several kinds of the update operations on relations? Also explain the constraints on these update operation. Give instance in support of your answer. There are th
Define in which normalisation form if an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of other composite key. Ans: 3NF A relation is in 3 NF if an attribute of
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
why older data models are being replaced by new data models.
domain
Differentiate between a subquery and a join If we need to acquire information from one or more tables after that either subquery or join can be used. If the columns which are t
Atomicity: It describes a transaction to be a one unit of processing. We can also say either a transaction will be finished completely or not at all. In the transaction example 1
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
what is un ordered and ordered file managment?
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