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We saw earlier that LT is not closed under concatenation. If we think in terms of the LT graphs, recognizing the concatenation of LT languages would seem to require knowing, while scanning a string in L1 . L2, for instance, when to switch from keeping track of factors for L1 to keeping track of factors from L2.
Assuming that the alphabets were not disjoint, there is (evidently, since LT is not closed under concatenation) no way, in general, to know that. For the recognizable languages, on the other hand, we have the convenience of being able to work with non-determinism. We don't actually have to know when to switch from one automaton to the next. Whenever we get to a point in the string that could possibly be the end of the pre?x that is in L1 we can just allow for a non-deterministic choice of whether to continue scanning for A1 (the machine recognizing L1) or to switch to scanning for A2. Since whenever the string is in L1 . L2 there will be some correct place to switch and since acceptance by a NFA requires only that there some accepting computation, the combined automaton will accept every string in L1 . L2. Moreover, the combined automaton will accept a string iff there is some point at which it can be split into a string accepted by A1 followed by one accepted by A2: it accepts all and only the strings in L1 . L2.
We will assume that the string has been augmented by marking the beginning and the end with the symbols ‘?' and ‘?' respectively and that these symbols do not occur in the input al
how many pendulum swings will it take to walk across the classroom?
Exercise: Give a construction that converts a strictly 2-local automaton for a language L into one that recognizes the language L r . Justify the correctness of your construction.
Construct a PDA that accepts { x#y | x, y in {a, b}* such that x ? y and xi = yi for some i, 1 = i = min(|x|, |y|) }. For your PDA to work correctly it will need to be non-determin
This was one of the ?rst substantial theorems of Formal Language Theory. It's maybe not too surprising to us, as we have already seen a similar equivalence between LTO and SF. But
1. Does above all''s properties can be used to prove a language regular? 2..which of the properties can be used to prove a language regular and which of these not? 3..Identify one
As de?ned the powerset construction builds a DFA with many states that can never be reached from Q′ 0 . Since they cannot be reached from Q′ 0 there is no path from Q′ 0 to a sta
For example, the question of whether a given regular language is positive (does not include the empty string) is algorithmically decidable. "Positiveness Problem". Note that
Computer has a single LIFO stack containing ?xed precision unsigned integers (so each integer is subject to over?ow problems) but which has unbounded depth (so the stack itself nev
We have now de?ned classes of k-local languages for all k ≥ 2. Together, these classes form the Strictly Local Languages in general. De?nition (Strictly Local Languages) A langu
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