Question:

(i) Differentiate between ionic, metallic, covalent and dipole-dipole bonds. Provide examples in each case.

(ii) With regard to electronic con?guration, what do all the elements in Group VII of the periodic table have in common?

(iii) Describe why hydrogen ?uoride (HF) has a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride (HCl) (19.4ºC vs. - 85ºC), even though HF has a lower molecular weight.

(iv) On the basis of the hydrogen bond, explain the anomalous behaviour of water when it freezes. That is, why is there volume expansion upon solidi?cation?

(a) Copper has an atomic radius of 0.128 nm, a face-centered cubic crystal structure and an atomic weight of 63.5 g/mol. Compute

(i) the volume of a unit cell of copper

(ii) the atomic packing factor

(iii) the theoretical density of copper.