Compton effect and compton scattering, Physics

Assignment Help:

Q. Explain how Compton scattering confirms the quantum nature of radiation.

OR

What is "Compton Effect"? Deduce an expression for shift in wavelength of scattered X rays by Compton Scattering.

Ans.

In 1921, A. H. Compton discovered that when a monochromatic beam of high frequency radiation scattered by substance, the scattered radiation contains two components.

 

(i)     Unmodified Radiation - The radiation of unchanged frequency in scattered beam as incident beam.

(ii)    Modified Radiation - The radiation having lower frequency or greater wavelength then incident radiation. This phenomenon is known as Compton effect.

Theory - According to quantum theory, primary x rays beam is made up of photons of energy hv, where v is the frequency of the primary x rays. These photons travel with speed of light C and  possess momentum given by hv/c and also obey all the laws of conservation of energy and momentum when these photons strike the electrons of a scattering substance. The phenomenon of scattering is due to an elastic collision between the photon and the electron.

When the photon of energy hv collides with the electron of the scattered at rest, it transfers some energy to the electron i.e., it lessees energy. The scattered photon will therefore have a smaller energy than hv and consequently a lower frequency then the primary x ray. The observed change in frequency or wavelength of the scattering radiation is known as Compton effect.

In scattering process, the electron gains kinetic \energy and thus recoil with velocity v. as the work function of substance is negligibly small as compared to the energy of photon, the recoil electron is treated practically free,. Thus, during the collision, photon gives a fraction of its energy to the free electron and its relativistic mass is considered after collision.

Let a photon of energy hv collides with a free electron and after collision scattered photon of energy hv' is found at the scattering angle q while recoil electron is found at the recoil angle f as shown in Fig.

(i)            Energy Conservation Law - it states that before collision and after collision energy should remain same i.e. constant.

(ii)       Momentum Conservation Law - It states that before collision and after collision momentum should be same i.e. constant. Since momentum is a vector quantity taking component of momentum in horizontal and perpendicular direction


Related Discussions:- Compton effect and compton scattering

Plane and the wind vectors and projectiles, Plane and The Wind Vectors and ...

Plane and The Wind Vectors and Projectiles Suppose the three planes within the animation below. Every plane is heading south along with a speed of 100 mi/hr. Every plane flies

Internal combustion engine, draw and explain the internal combustion engine...

draw and explain the internal combustion engine as it relates to carnot cycle and otto cycle

Compute the magnitude of the charge, The electric field and electric potent...

The electric field and electric potential at any point because of a point charge kept in air is 20 NC -1 and 10 JC -1 respectively. Compute the magnitude of this charge.

Explain galvanometer, Galvanometer: 1. An electromechanical instrument,...

Galvanometer: 1. An electromechanical instrument, which is used to detect the presence of current in a circuit is known as galvanometer. 2. The major parts of a galvanomete

Satellite motion, Satellite Motion A satellite is acted upon through th...

Satellite Motion A satellite is acted upon through the force of gravity and this force does accelerate it towards the Earth. Within the absence of gravity a satellite would mov

Electrostatics, An uncharged capacitor with a solid dielectric is connected...

An uncharged capacitor with a solid dielectric is connected to a similar air capacitor charged to a potential of V0. If the common potential after sharing of charges becomes V, the

Newtons law of universal gravitation, A space explorer is moving through sp...

A space explorer is moving through space far from any star or planet. He notices a large rock, taken as a specimen from an alien planet, floating around the cabin. could he push is

Experiment with water, Experiment with wat er Suspend a tin can about 8 ...

Experiment with wat er Suspend a tin can about 8 cm deep and 12 cm in diameter as shown in the diagram. Pour about 3 cm of water into the can and twist the drill.  Observe what

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd