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CONTROL PROGRAMS
Control Programs are those programs which control & maintain the operation of computer. They provide basic facilities. Control program are further divided into further two categories
i). Initial program loader (IPL): it is essential part of an operating system. It is located permanently in the memory, which is called rom. It is also called resident routine. The basic purpose of IPL is to load other operating system program from secondary memory into the ram. Example:- when Computer is turned ON, then electronic chip is automatically activated & IPL read the boot sector routine (BSR), reside in the primary memory.
ii). supervisors programs: - A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program, usually part of an operating system, which controls the execution of other routines. It regulates work scheduling, input/output operations, error actions, and similar functions and regulates the flow of work in a data processing system. In case of DOS the command.com is considered as supervisor and once loaded, it will remain all the time in memory while the computer is running.
iii) Job Controller: it is and important element of timesharing system. It recognizes job priorities and provides necessary steps to go from one program to the next. Example SJF (shortest job first)
We are faced with three major components of the page-fault service time. 1. Service the page-fault interrupts. 2. Read in the page. 3. Restart the processes.
We will brie?y introduce paging to ?nish off this lecture. When a process is loaded, not all of the pages are immediately loaded, since it's possible that they will not all be need
how to find ncr value in shell script
1. The City of Boston needs to be about 2 acres of green space per 1,000 persons. You have been hired as the GIS expert by an independent consulting company to determine where the
Q. An operating system sustains a paged virtual memory using a central processor with a cycle time of 1 microsecond. It costs an additional one microsecond to access a page other
Explain a boot control block A boot control block can have the information required by the system to boot an operating from that partition. If the disk does not have an operati
Explain the Fork Function Fork function causes a new process to be created. The calling progress is duplicated as an exact copy (called the child process) that differs only in
Define UFD and MFD. In the two-level directory structure, every user has her own user file directory (UFD). Every UFD has a similar structure, but lists only the files of a one
Hierarchical paging Single way is to use a two-level paging algorithm, in which the page table itself is also paged. A logical address is separated into a page number and a pag
DESCRIBE OPERATING SYSTEM
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