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Question:
(a) List four disadvantages of the File Processing System as compared to the Database Systems.
(b) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. One of these rules, the referential integrity rules, states that the database must not contain any unmatched foreign key values.
(i) Discuss what should happen on an attempt to delete the target of a foreign key reference?
(ii) Discuss what should happen on an attempt to update the primary key of the target of a foreign key reference?
Your discussion should describe the three possible techniques which can be used to deal with the problem, and provide one example for each technique.
(c) List and describe briefly the nine components of a typical database environment.
(d) Explain the difference between external, internal and conceptual schemas. How are these different schema layers related to the concept of logical and physical data independence?
(a) Provide the description of the following ODMG schema in the Object Definition Language (ODL). (b) Based on the above object database, write the following queries i
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Logical Operators Rules of Precedence: Order evaluated Operator 1 All comparison operators 2
File Manager File manager handles the allocation of space on disk storage. It starts and maintains the list of structures and indices described in the internal schema that is
Foreign Keys and NULL Let us take the relation: DEPT DEPT ID DNAME BUDGET D1 M
Explain the differences between structured data and unstructured data. Structured data are facts concerning objects and events. The most significant structured data are numeric
Structure of Client Server Systems: In client/server architecture, clients show users who require services while servers give services. Both client and server are a combination of
Problem: ‘Users and Information system specialists need to spend inordinate amounts of time locating and gathering data' (Watson and Hal, 1998) Recent developments in the ar
Differentiate between various levels of data abstraction? Data Abstraction - Abstraction is the procedure to hide the irrelevant things from the users and represent the rele
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
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