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Comparison of Nonnumeric Operands:
A nonnumeric operand can be compared to the other nonnumeric operand according to the rules as shown below:
(i) Fields of Equal Sizes:
The Characters in the equivalent positions are compared to determine the value of the relational condition. The Comparison begins with the leftmost character in both the fields and proceeds in a left to right side manner. If the 2 characters being compared are found to be unequal at any stage, the field containing the biggest characters is considered to be greater. When the characters are only found to be identical does the comparison proceed to the later position on the right. The 2 fields are taken to be equal only when all these pairs of characters have been found to be similar and the rightmost end has been reached.
(ii) Fields of Unequal Sizes:
If the two operands are not of equivalent size, the shorter field is considered to be extended on the right by spaces to make its size equivalent to the longer field and the rules for comparing fields of equal sizes are used.
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
.(Period or Decimal Point) : The period may be used to insert a decimal point and may not come into view more than once. Both the period and V cannot appear in similar picture
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
PERFORM WITH UNTIL OPTION: The format is as shown below: Illustration: A) Perform p-3 until i > 5. Here p-3 will be executed whenever i B) Perform p-2 thru
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - THRU: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...THRU statement Identification division. Program- id. Perfthru. Environment division.
PROGRAM FOR MASTER FILE MAINTENANCE: We have to write a program to keep the stu-file for which a record has just 2 fields,viz., rno(Roll Number) and name(Student Name). Give t
DATA RECORD CLAUSE: The DATA RECORD clause, documents the record names defined for the file. For illustration, DATA RECORDS ARE REC-1, REC-2, REC-3 that means there are 3diffe
CLOSE STATEMENT: When the processing of a file is completed, then the file may be closed. This is completed with the help of the CLOSE-verb. The form of the CLOSE statement is
single program how may when statement has used
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