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2. Assume that the river has been selected as the source of raw water for the 2.0mgd demand.
a. Surface water has low alkalinity, high turbidity. The distribution system is cast iron pipe. What's the concern with using alum (Al2(SO4)3) as the coagulant. What other chemical could be used?
b. A slow sand filter will follow the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation. The organic content in the raw water supports a biofilm on the filter surface. How might this reduce the disinfectant dosage? What text Figure shows this?
c. The 4' thick filters run q=500 gpd/ft2. Find the total area of filter surface required to treat the 2.0 mgd. Also compute the hydraulic residence time in the filter.
d. The filtered water still has traces of ammonia and dissolved organics. Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 is used for disinfection. What's the advantage, what's the potential problem with using the hypochlorite rather than using ultraviolet (UV)?
Mollier diagram: Mollier diagram is chart drawn between enthalpy H (on ordinate) and entropy or S (on abscissa). It is also called as H-diagram. It depicts properties of water
(a) A steel bolt 650 mm 2 cross-sectional area passes centrally through a copper tube to 1200mm 2 cross-sectional area. The tube is 500mm long and closed by rigid washers, which
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Find out the velocity of the chain: Figure shows a metal chain ABC where portion BC is of length 0.4 metres and is hanging vertically, & portion AB of length 0.8 metres rests
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Flow work: Flow work is energy possessed by the fluid by virtue of its pressure. Displacement Work: When piston moves in cylinder from position 1 to 2 with vo
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