Clinical presentation - heart failure, Biology

Assignment Help:

There is a wide spectrum of potential clinical presentations with heart failure. Most patients have signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion including dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Symptoms

Dyspnoea

Breathlessness or dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom of left ventricular failure and the patient may present with exertional dyspnoea or orthopnoea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea or acute pulmonary edema.  

Exertional Dyspnoea

Degree of physical activity goes on decreasing as the heart failure progresses. Orthopnoea is dyspnoea that develops in recumbent position and is relieved by sitting up. It develops within few minutes of assuming recumbency and occurs when the patient is awake. Decreased pooling of fluid in the lower limbs and shift of fluid to the intrathoracic compartment resulting in increased preload causes orthopnoea.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea

 Here the patient, after going to sleep for sometime, suddenly gets up with dyspnoea and suffocation and sits upright gasping for breath. Bronchospasm may be present and hence is often referred to as cardiac asthma. With patient asleep at night, the increased resorption of fluid into the vascular space, increased intrathoracic volume, elevation of diaphragms due to recumbency, reduced sympathetic support during night and nocturnal depression of respiratory center during night are the factors operative producing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.


Related Discussions:- Clinical presentation - heart failure

What information must be included on the form, Submission of evidence items...

Submission of evidence items to the forensic laboratory requires that a specific "Evidence Submission Request Form" be completed. What information should be included on the form?

Why is it dangerous to talk while eating, Q. Why is it dangerous to talk wh...

Q. Why is it dangerous to talk while eating? If a person talks when eating, food may be inhaled into the lungs. Generally after food is swallowed, it passes into pharynx and th

Intergenic interactions, what are intergenic interactions ? please explain ...

what are intergenic interactions ? please explain with example of cross breeding. and how we calculate the phenotype and genotype. explain epistasis, duplicate genes, supplementary

Explain the objectives of taxonomy, Explain the Objectives of Taxonomy ...

Explain the Objectives of Taxonomy Let us summarise the objectives of taxonomy: 1. To inventory the world flora and fauna 2. To provide a method for identification and co

Which are plant tissues that form the plant roots, Which are plant tissues ...

Which are plant tissues that form the plant roots? Roots have a central portion called medulla made of vascular tissue outer phloem and inner xylem. Medulla is delimited by per

What is the genotypical proportion of the gametes, Which is the type of gam...

Which is the type of gamete (for a given trait) produced by a dominant homozygous individual? What is the genotypical proportion of these gametes? What about a recessive homozygous

Functions of gluconeogenesis, Functions of Gluconeogenesis The signifi...

Functions of Gluconeogenesis The significance of gluconeogenesis include: 1)  During starvation or during periods of  limited  carbohydrate intake, when  the levels of liv

Defense mechanisms used in diabetes mellitus, Q. Defense mechanisms used in...

Q. Defense mechanisms used in Diabetes Mellitus? Defense mechanisms are the strategies to cope with the real situation and to maintain self-image. Healthy persons normally use

Example of trial balance columns, Q. Example of Trial Balance columns? ...

Q. Example of Trial Balance columns? Start by extending all of Micro Train's revenue and expense account balances in the Adjusted Trial Balance columns to the Income Statement

Determine the concept of numeric pyramid, In a numeric pyramid to which tro...

In a numeric pyramid to which trophic level does the base always refer? What about the top level? In a numeric pyramid the base corresponds to the first trophic level, i.e., to

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd