Clinical presentation - heart failure, Biology

Assignment Help:

There is a wide spectrum of potential clinical presentations with heart failure. Most patients have signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion including dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Symptoms

Dyspnoea

Breathlessness or dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom of left ventricular failure and the patient may present with exertional dyspnoea or orthopnoea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea or acute pulmonary edema.  

Exertional Dyspnoea

Degree of physical activity goes on decreasing as the heart failure progresses. Orthopnoea is dyspnoea that develops in recumbent position and is relieved by sitting up. It develops within few minutes of assuming recumbency and occurs when the patient is awake. Decreased pooling of fluid in the lower limbs and shift of fluid to the intrathoracic compartment resulting in increased preload causes orthopnoea.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea

 Here the patient, after going to sleep for sometime, suddenly gets up with dyspnoea and suffocation and sits upright gasping for breath. Bronchospasm may be present and hence is often referred to as cardiac asthma. With patient asleep at night, the increased resorption of fluid into the vascular space, increased intrathoracic volume, elevation of diaphragms due to recumbency, reduced sympathetic support during night and nocturnal depression of respiratory center during night are the factors operative producing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.


Related Discussions:- Clinical presentation - heart failure

Differential reinforcement of low response rate, Differential reinforcement...

Differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) This is used to encourage low rates of responding. Example: "If you ask me for a potato chip no more than once every 10 mi

Which kind of gamete produced by a heterozygous individual, Which is the ki...

Which is the kind of gamete produced by a heterozygous individual? And what is the genotypical proportion of these gametes? The Heterozygous individuals, for instance, AA, prod

Inhibition might contribute to tumor formation, We now understand that muta...

We now understand that mutations that cause the inhibition of apoptosis are found in tumors. Because proliferation itself is not induced by the inhibition of apoptosis, explain how

What is coevolution, What is Coevolution ? There is considerable eviden...

What is Coevolution ? There is considerable evidence that supports an interesting theory that two individual species can affect each others evolution in reciprocal fashion. In

What is eukaryotic cells , What is Eukaryotic Cells ? Eukaryotic Cel...

What is Eukaryotic Cells ? Eukaryotic Cells :  Most cells of higher organisms, and many unicells, contain a nucleus. Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus are called euka

What are the androecium and the gynoecium, What are the androecium and the ...

What are the androecium and the gynoecium? What are the other structures of flowers? Androecium is the set of male reproductive structures of flowers. It comprehends the stamen

How do taenias obtain food and make gas exchange, Q. How do taenias obtain ...

Q. How do taenias obtain food and make gas exchange? The Tapeworms have sucking and hooks structures on their heads (scolex) that fixate the parasite in the gut wall these stru

Sickle Cell, Sickling occurs in deoxyhemoglobin S, but not in oxyhemoglobin...

Sickling occurs in deoxyhemoglobin S, but not in oxyhemoglobin S. Oxyhemoglobin has a small hydrophobic \"pocket\" in a ß chain region located in the interior of the protein. In de

Find the modalities in stress testing, Q. Find the Modalities in stress tes...

Q. Find the Modalities in stress testing? In addition to electrocardiographic stress testing, there are various newer modalities that can be very useful in the determination o

Infectious coryza, I nfectious coryza A highly infectious bacterial di...

I nfectious coryza A highly infectious bacterial disease of chickens caused by Hemop hilus paragallinarum, is characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respirator

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd