Clinical presentation - heart failure, Biology

Assignment Help:

There is a wide spectrum of potential clinical presentations with heart failure. Most patients have signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion including dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Symptoms

Dyspnoea

Breathlessness or dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom of left ventricular failure and the patient may present with exertional dyspnoea or orthopnoea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea or acute pulmonary edema.  

Exertional Dyspnoea

Degree of physical activity goes on decreasing as the heart failure progresses. Orthopnoea is dyspnoea that develops in recumbent position and is relieved by sitting up. It develops within few minutes of assuming recumbency and occurs when the patient is awake. Decreased pooling of fluid in the lower limbs and shift of fluid to the intrathoracic compartment resulting in increased preload causes orthopnoea.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea

 Here the patient, after going to sleep for sometime, suddenly gets up with dyspnoea and suffocation and sits upright gasping for breath. Bronchospasm may be present and hence is often referred to as cardiac asthma. With patient asleep at night, the increased resorption of fluid into the vascular space, increased intrathoracic volume, elevation of diaphragms due to recumbency, reduced sympathetic support during night and nocturnal depression of respiratory center during night are the factors operative producing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.


Related Discussions:- Clinical presentation - heart failure

Closed heart surgery, Closed Heart Surgery Blind operations and access...

Closed Heart Surgery Blind operations and access is obtained into the heart through incision on the ventricular or atrial wall. Commonest closed heart surgery done is m

How are gametes formed in the pteridophyte life cycle, Q. How are gametes f...

Q. How are gametes formed in the pteridophyte life cycle, by mitosis or meiosis? What is the type of meiosis that occurs in pteridophytes? In pteridophytes gametes are made by

What do you determine by atriopore, What do you determine by Atriopore? ...

What do you determine by Atriopore? The external opening to atrium. In cephalochordates water passes across pharyngeal slits into atrium and from there leaves through atriopore

genes occur on chromosome , In Drosophila, these genes occur on chromosome...

In Drosophila, these genes occur on chromosome 4. H - wild type (normal)     h - hairy F - wild type                   f - frizzled E - wild type                  e - vest

What is the rule for the pairing of nitrogen-containing base, Q. What is th...

Q. What is the rule for the pairing of nitrogen-containing bases in the DNA molecule? And in the RNA? Is this the last question appropriate? The rule for the pairing of nitroge

Define about calcium and osteoporosis, Define about Calcium and Osteoporosi...

Define about Calcium and Osteoporosis? Gain in bone mass occurs throughout childhood; however, during adolescent growth spurt, the gain in bone mass, as well as, calcium retent

Interkinesis, There is no Interphase preceding second meiotic division. ...

There is no Interphase preceding second meiotic division. There is a brief intervening period called Interkinesis During this period there may be synthesis of some reserve fo

Leghaemoglobin - factors influencing functions of nitrogenas, Leghaemoglobi...

Leghaemoglobin - Factors Influencing Functions of Nitrogenase Leghaemoglobin is a joint product of Rhizobium and the host. It is produced during the maturation of nodule. It i

Name five kingdoms into which living beings are divided, What are the five ...

What are the five kingdoms into which living beings are divided? Which group of living being is out of this classification? The five kingdoms of living beings are the kingdom M

Define about the composition of body weight, Define about the Composition o...

Define about the Composition of Body Weight? You might have read in previous units that our body weight is composed of muscle bone and fat. Segregating these components of body

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd