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Cipher MethodsThere are 2 methods of encrypting plaintext:• Bit stream method – every bit in the plaintext bit is transformed into a cipher bit one bit at a time.• Block cipher method – the message is divided into blocks (for example sets of 8-, 16- or32-bit blocks) and then each block of plaintext is transformed into an encrypted block of cipher bits by using an algorithm and a key.Bit stream method which is uses algorithm functions like XOR, while block cipher method can use substitution, transposition, XOR, etc.Substitution cipherSubstitution cipher substitutes one value for the other value. The following are the different types of substitution:• Monoalphabetic substitution – It uses one alphabet to substitute. Simple method but powerful if combines with other operations.• Polyalphabetic substitution – It is more advanced method which uses two or more alphabets.• Vigenère cipher – It is an advanced type of cipher which uses simple polyalphabetic code that is made up of 26 distinct cipher alphabets.Transposition cipherTransposition cipher rearranges values within the block to create ciphertext.Exclusive OR (XOR)It is a function of Boolean algebra where the two bits are compared to each other• If the two bits are identical, result is 0• If the two bits not identical, result is 1Vernam cipherThis is developed at AT&T that uses set of characters once per encryption process.Book (or Running Key) cipherThis method uses text in book as key to decrypt a message where ciphertext contains codes which represents page, line and word numbersHash FunctionsHash functions are mathematical algorithms that generate message summary or digest to confirm message identity and confirm no content has changed. Hash algorithms are publicly known functions that create hash value. Use of keys is not needed, but message authentication code (MAC) may be attached to a message. This method is mostly used in password verification systems to confirm identity of user.
QUESTION The major decision hierarchy for disclosing security problems is if the problem is with the product owned by the business or if it is used by the business. Although th
(a) Briefly explain the following security goals provided by cryptography: confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. (b) State Kerckhoff's Princip
Problem a) Consider a 1000 Mbps Ethernet with a single Store-N-Forward switch mid-way in the path between two nodes A and B. Assume that there are no other nodes on the network
Question: a) How many bits per second can be sent on a noiseless 4 MHz channel if four-level digital signals are used? b) If a binary signal is sent over a 3 KHz channel who
Question (a) For the bit stream 010011, show the waveforms for each of the code indicated. Consider that the signal level for NRZ-L for mark is positive; the signal level for t
Wireless Networks The origin of wireless networks and their ubiquity in the technological environment poses a new type of exposure and vulnerability for network security. Cont
Problem 1: What does the SNMP access policy show? SNMP community diagram SNMP access policy Problem 2: Does there exist any formal functional specificat
differentiate between internet and www
MAC Address The address for a machine as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network structure. MAC address is generally stored in ROM on the n
Designing and coding of Job search mechanism: Project Title: FREEHIVE (Sep 2005- Nov 2006) Role : Developer Domain : Social Network Client
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