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Cipher MethodsThere are 2 methods of encrypting plaintext:• Bit stream method – every bit in the plaintext bit is transformed into a cipher bit one bit at a time.• Block cipher method – the message is divided into blocks (for example sets of 8-, 16- or32-bit blocks) and then each block of plaintext is transformed into an encrypted block of cipher bits by using an algorithm and a key.Bit stream method which is uses algorithm functions like XOR, while block cipher method can use substitution, transposition, XOR, etc.Substitution cipherSubstitution cipher substitutes one value for the other value. The following are the different types of substitution:• Monoalphabetic substitution – It uses one alphabet to substitute. Simple method but powerful if combines with other operations.• Polyalphabetic substitution – It is more advanced method which uses two or more alphabets.• Vigenère cipher – It is an advanced type of cipher which uses simple polyalphabetic code that is made up of 26 distinct cipher alphabets.Transposition cipherTransposition cipher rearranges values within the block to create ciphertext.Exclusive OR (XOR)It is a function of Boolean algebra where the two bits are compared to each other• If the two bits are identical, result is 0• If the two bits not identical, result is 1Vernam cipherThis is developed at AT&T that uses set of characters once per encryption process.Book (or Running Key) cipherThis method uses text in book as key to decrypt a message where ciphertext contains codes which represents page, line and word numbersHash FunctionsHash functions are mathematical algorithms that generate message summary or digest to confirm message identity and confirm no content has changed. Hash algorithms are publicly known functions that create hash value. Use of keys is not needed, but message authentication code (MAC) may be attached to a message. This method is mostly used in password verification systems to confirm identity of user.
Question: (a) What are the various options to mitigate risks in an Information Security Management System (ISMS)? For each option specify an instance where it can be used.
RING topology all computers are connected in loop. A ring topology is a network topology in which every node connects to exactly two other devices, forming a single continuous pa
Base lining • Organizations do not have any contact to each other • No two organizations are identical to each other • The best practices are a moving target • K
Ask quProject brief template The project brief is a document upon which the full Project Proposal and Plan will be based. About me: Who are you? What do you do? What is your Exper
Detect each visit to www.google.com that is made by the machine. o Send an alert when an activity relating to network chat is detected. o Send an alert when an attempt is made for
What are Transmission Impairments? Explain the following concepts with respect to Transmission Impairments a) Attenuation b) Delay Distortion c) Noise ion #Minimum 100 words ac
For this assignment you will create a program called MMWordFix (Multi-Mode WordFix). This program prompts the user to select one of three word filters (uppercase, lowercase, encryp
Question: a) Explain what the following intermediate systems are and how they work? i. Repeater ii. Bridge b) A service is formally specified by a set of primitives (op
Scenario: A network with individual hosts (really, virtual machines) can run HTTP (web) servers that are available to the outside. (Here, available means the ability to read and wr
SECURITY ANALYSIS Overview • Know yourself: examine, identify, and understand the information and systems which are currently in place • Know the enemy: examine, identify,
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