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Cipher MethodsThere are 2 methods of encrypting plaintext:• Bit stream method – every bit in the plaintext bit is transformed into a cipher bit one bit at a time.• Block cipher method – the message is divided into blocks (for example sets of 8-, 16- or32-bit blocks) and then each block of plaintext is transformed into an encrypted block of cipher bits by using an algorithm and a key.Bit stream method which is uses algorithm functions like XOR, while block cipher method can use substitution, transposition, XOR, etc.Substitution cipherSubstitution cipher substitutes one value for the other value. The following are the different types of substitution:• Monoalphabetic substitution – It uses one alphabet to substitute. Simple method but powerful if combines with other operations.• Polyalphabetic substitution – It is more advanced method which uses two or more alphabets.• Vigenère cipher – It is an advanced type of cipher which uses simple polyalphabetic code that is made up of 26 distinct cipher alphabets.Transposition cipherTransposition cipher rearranges values within the block to create ciphertext.Exclusive OR (XOR)It is a function of Boolean algebra where the two bits are compared to each other• If the two bits are identical, result is 0• If the two bits not identical, result is 1Vernam cipherThis is developed at AT&T that uses set of characters once per encryption process.Book (or Running Key) cipherThis method uses text in book as key to decrypt a message where ciphertext contains codes which represents page, line and word numbersHash FunctionsHash functions are mathematical algorithms that generate message summary or digest to confirm message identity and confirm no content has changed. Hash algorithms are publicly known functions that create hash value. Use of keys is not needed, but message authentication code (MAC) may be attached to a message. This method is mostly used in password verification systems to confirm identity of user.
Da t a compre s sion and the trans p ort s e rvices, The main purpose of the transport layer is to provide services which are efficient, reliable and cost-effecti
Screened Subnet Architecture This setup provides an extra security layer to screened host architecture by creating a perimeter subnet which further isolates internal network f
Problem 1 Solve the following Caesar cipher by showing your working: EM KIUM EM AIE EM KWVYCMZML Problem 2 Compare and contrast between block and stream ciphers, listin
B-Router Hybrid devices that has the features of both routers and bridges . A bridge router or brouter is a network machine that acts as a router and as a bridge. The brout
Is standard TCP effective in mobile wireless networks that operate with the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network protocol?Discuss the issue
Get a copy of Metasploitable at Make">http://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/files/Metasploitable2/ Make sure to follow these directions very carefully. You will get po
Question: (a) Data on four variables are stored in a file called file1.dat. The first line of the file is the variable names f, x, y and z. Give the R commands to (i) read t
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Question: (a) Consider that you enter the given URL in the address bar of a popular web client and that both the client and server accepts HTTP version 1.1. i. What can be t
TCP and UDP End-to-end delivery application is connection less. The basic function of connectionless service are as given: It adds extension of LAN abstraction. It has simp
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