Cipher methods-cryptography, Computer Network Security

Assignment Help:

Cipher Methods

There are 2 methods of encrypting plaintext:

• Bit stream method – every bit in the plaintext bit is transformed into a cipher bit one bit at a time.
• Block cipher method – the message is divided into blocks (for example sets of 8-, 16- or
32-bit blocks) and then each block of plaintext is transformed into an encrypted block of cipher bits by using an algorithm and a key.

Bit stream method which is uses algorithm functions like XOR, while block cipher method can use substitution, transposition, XOR, etc.

Substitution cipher

Substitution cipher substitutes one value for the other value. The following are the different types of substitution:
• Monoalphabetic substitution – It uses one alphabet to substitute. Simple method but powerful if combines with other operations.
• Polyalphabetic substitution – It is more advanced method which uses two or more alphabets.
• Vigenère cipher – It is an advanced type of cipher which uses simple polyalphabetic code that is made up of 26 distinct cipher alphabets.

Transposition cipher


Transposition cipher rearranges values within the block to create ciphertext.

Exclusive OR (XOR)

It is a function of Boolean algebra where the two bits are compared to each other
•     If the two bits are identical, result is 0
•     If the two bits not identical, result is 1

Vernam cipher

This is developed at AT&T that uses set of characters once per encryption process.

Book (or Running Key) cipher

This method uses text in book as key to decrypt a message where ciphertext contains codes which represents page, line and word numbers

Hash Functions

Hash functions are mathematical algorithms that generate message summary or digest to confirm message identity and confirm no content has changed. Hash algorithms are publicly known functions that create hash value. Use of keys is not needed, but message authentication code (MAC) may be attached to a message. This method is mostly used in password verification systems to confirm identity of user.


Related Discussions:- Cipher methods-cryptography

Wireless security tools, WIRELESS SECURITY TOOLS An organization which s...

WIRELESS SECURITY TOOLS An organization which spends its time securing wired network and leaves wireless networks to operate in any manner is opening itself up for security brea

Vulnerability scanners, VULNERABILITY SCANNERS Active vulnerability scan...

VULNERABILITY SCANNERS Active vulnerability scanners scan networks for detailed information, it initiate traffic to determine security holes. This scanner identifies usernames a

Routing tables and address masks, ROUTING TABLES AND ADDRESS MASKS Add...

ROUTING TABLES AND ADDRESS MASKS Additional information is saved in routing table. Destination is kept as network address. Next hop is saved as IP address of router. Address m

How does tcp perform the functions, Problem: (a) Assume that a new ap...

Problem: (a) Assume that a new application layer protocol is developed for video conferencing application. Which transport layer protocol, between TCP and UDP, will you u

Arp responses, ARP RESPONSES Let's search out how does a computer know...

ARP RESPONSES Let's search out how does a computer know whether an incoming frame have an ARP message. The type field in the frame header defines that the frame contain an ARP

Fragmentation format, FRAGMENTATION Fragmentation information is kept...

FRAGMENTATION Fragmentation information is kept in different extension header.  Every fragment has base header and fragmentation header. Whole datagram including original hea

Problem of spam mail, Topic -Spam is an ever-growing problem, with some net...

Topic -Spam is an ever-growing problem, with some network administrators reporting that 90% or moreof the email delivered to their mail servers is spam. Identify and briefly evalua

Securities Issues in a company, 'Near Field Communication' (NFC) technologi...

'Near Field Communication' (NFC) technologies are expected to become commonplace in the near future. Some relevant features are these: A suitable device (such as a mobile pho

Potential risks to information systems, Information System Security 1. ...

Information System Security 1. Write about: a. Potential Risks to Information Systems b. Factors to be addressed for making information systems more secure 2. Write about t

Provide a labelled drawing of a standard serial port, Question 1: (a) W...

Question 1: (a) With the help of a diagram show the basic structure of a computer system. (b) Explain as fully as you can each of the parts mentioned above. (c) What are

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd