Chronic bronchitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent episode of productive cough for a period of 3 months per year at least two consecutive years. 

Pathophysiology

First there is glandular hypertrophy. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia from chronic irritations cause excessive mucus production. The excessive mucus and impaired ciliary movement associated with chronic bronchitis increase susceptibility to infection. As infection progress, the epithelial cells produce a mucopurulent exudates in the lumen or the disease may progress to ulceration and destruction of the bronchial wall. The peribronchial fibrosis and the presence of granulation tissue result in stenosis and airway obstruction.

Second the bronchial wall tissue changes, mucosal ocdema and excessive mucus production, all increase airway resistance in persons with chronic bronchitis. Excess mucus may also cause bronchospasm. 

Third the pathophysiologic changes may impair the ability of lungs to exchange 0, and CO, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatching at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Obstructed airways may lead to atelectasis which further diminishes the surface are a available for respiration. Fourth the right ventricular decompensation or corpulmonale may result.


Related Discussions:- Chronic bronchitis

Organs involved in the digestion process, The various organs involved  in...

The various organs involved  in  the digestion process are: Alimentary tract which  includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix,  rec

Induction of hydrolases - responses to infection, Induction of hydrolases -...

Induction of hydrolases - Responses to Infection Plants do respond to attack by pathogens. To restrict their spread the cells synthesise and secrete enzymes to hydrolyse the c

State the term - antecedent and consequence control, Antecedent and consequ...

Antecedent and consequence control Therapy and consultation cannot be effective unless the behaviours to be changed are understood within a particular context. The process of u

Solid fuels, Primary and secondary solid fuels are widely used in domestic ...

Primary and secondary solid fuels are widely used in domestic and industrial purpose. Wood and coal constitute the important primary solid fuels. The important secondary solid fuel

Explain adverse effects of lamivudine, Adverse effects of lamivudine  B...

Adverse effects of lamivudine  Because lamivudine is also active against hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV-positive patients with chronic HBV infection may experience a flare of hep

Explain the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia, Explain the Prevalence o...

Explain the Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia? We can find out about the prevalence of anaemia if we know what percentage of population is suffering from anaemia. The WHO h

Why is the occurrence of eyelids in amphibians, Why is the occurrence of ey...

Why is the occurrence of eyelids in amphibians in comparison to their absence in fishes and adaptation to terrestrial life? Eyelids associated to lacrimal glands protect and ke

Lung biopsy, Lung Biopsy: As with pleural biopsy,  lung biopsy may  be  d...

Lung Biopsy: As with pleural biopsy,  lung biopsy may  be  done by  surgical exposure of the lung (open lung biopsy) with or without endoscopy using a needle designed to remove a

Deficiency diseases-post-parturient haemoglobinuria (pph), Post-parturient ...

Post-parturient haemoglobinuria (pph) in cattle and buffaloes The post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) is an acute disease of high yielding buffaloes and cows. The disease oc

Types of oxygenators, Types of Oxygenators a) Film Oxygenators b) ...

Types of Oxygenators a) Film Oxygenators b) Disc Oxygenators c) Bubble Oxygenators d) Membrane Oxygenators. Film and Disc Oxygenators are not used for clinical

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd