Chronic bronchitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent episode of productive cough for a period of 3 months per year at least two consecutive years. 

Pathophysiology

First there is glandular hypertrophy. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia from chronic irritations cause excessive mucus production. The excessive mucus and impaired ciliary movement associated with chronic bronchitis increase susceptibility to infection. As infection progress, the epithelial cells produce a mucopurulent exudates in the lumen or the disease may progress to ulceration and destruction of the bronchial wall. The peribronchial fibrosis and the presence of granulation tissue result in stenosis and airway obstruction.

Second the bronchial wall tissue changes, mucosal ocdema and excessive mucus production, all increase airway resistance in persons with chronic bronchitis. Excess mucus may also cause bronchospasm. 

Third the pathophysiologic changes may impair the ability of lungs to exchange 0, and CO, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatching at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Obstructed airways may lead to atelectasis which further diminishes the surface are a available for respiration. Fourth the right ventricular decompensation or corpulmonale may result.


Related Discussions:- Chronic bronchitis

Divergence - mechanism of gastrulation, DIVERGENC E - In it blastom...

DIVERGENC E - In it blastomeres move in different directions i.e. inside the blastocoel the blastomeres move in different directions. The blastomeres which move inside i

The stem is often dipped in a hormone powder, Before stem cuttings are plan...

Before stem cuttings are planted, the cut end of the stem is often dipped in a hormone powder. What is the point of this?   The hormone powder having a plant growth substanc

Tools of lower paieolithic age, Tools of lower paieolithic age Pleistoc...

Tools of lower paieolithic age Pleistocene times there were huge herds of very large mammals. Bones of such large mammals were found associated with the human fossil finds and

What is osmotic diarrhoea, Q. What is Osmotic diarrhoea? This kind of d...

Q. What is Osmotic diarrhoea? This kind of diarrhoea is caused by the presence of osmotically active substances in the intestinal tract, which in turn, favour the drawing of la

Describe the two kind of fermentation, Q. What are the two kind of fermenta...

Q. What are the two kind of fermentation? What are their complete chemical equations? The two major types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic fermentation.

Procedure for estimation of vitamin c - colorimetric method, Define Procedu...

Define Procedure for estimation of vitamin c - colorimetric method? Carry out the experiment following the instructions given herewith: 1. Prepare a series of tubes for blan

Tricuspid stenosis-tricuspid valve disease, Tricuspid Stenosis :  Acquired...

Tricuspid Stenosis :  Acquired tricuspid stenosis is most often due to chronic rheumatic carditis. Rarely could it be due to right atrial tumors or carcinoid syndrome producing mi

What are the main functions of saliva, Q. What is the approximate pH of the...

Q. What is the approximate pH of the salivary secretion? Is it an acid or basic fluid? What are the main functions of saliva? The saliva pH is approximately 6.8 it is therefore

Calculate micronutrient and other nutrient requirements, Calculate Micronut...

Calculate Micronutrient and other specific nutrient requirements? The recommended average daily per capita intake of various specific nutrients for typical population requiring

Explain the determination and application of vitamin e, Explain the Determi...

Explain the Determination of Vitamin E DL-α-Tocopherol is oxidized with ferric chloride and the ferrous ions formed are measured colorimetrially with the aid of α,α'-dipyridyl

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd