Chronic bronchitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent episode of productive cough for a period of 3 months per year at least two consecutive years. 

Pathophysiology

First there is glandular hypertrophy. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia from chronic irritations cause excessive mucus production. The excessive mucus and impaired ciliary movement associated with chronic bronchitis increase susceptibility to infection. As infection progress, the epithelial cells produce a mucopurulent exudates in the lumen or the disease may progress to ulceration and destruction of the bronchial wall. The peribronchial fibrosis and the presence of granulation tissue result in stenosis and airway obstruction.

Second the bronchial wall tissue changes, mucosal ocdema and excessive mucus production, all increase airway resistance in persons with chronic bronchitis. Excess mucus may also cause bronchospasm. 

Third the pathophysiologic changes may impair the ability of lungs to exchange 0, and CO, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatching at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Obstructed airways may lead to atelectasis which further diminishes the surface are a available for respiration. Fourth the right ventricular decompensation or corpulmonale may result.


Related Discussions:- Chronic bronchitis

Residual soils-types of soil, Residual Soils Residual soils are formed ...

Residual Soils Residual soils are formed at the same site where the weathering of the parent rock has taken place or soils formed in situ from the underlying rocks. These are a

Explain ribavirin, Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, and others)  Combinatio...

Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, and others)  Combination treatment of HCV with peginterferon alfa and oral ribavirin has produced higher sustained response rates than peginterfero

Formation of lactate and its consumption, Formation of  lactate and  its ...

Formation of  lactate and  its consumption Formation of  lactate and  its consumption : If anaerobic conctitions prevail, the reoxidation  of NADH  through the respiratory cha

Auxiliary food chains, Auxiliary Food Chains In addition to grazing an...

Auxiliary Food Chains In addition to grazing and detritus food chains there are other auxiliary food chains operated through parasites and scavengers. Some parasitic food chai

Pathogenesis, The interactions between the human host and selected microorg...

The interactions between the human host and selected microorganisms that culminate in IE involve the vascular endothelium, hemostatic mechanisms, the host immune system, gross anat

Sulphur cycle - nutrient cycles, Sulphur Cycle - Nutrient Cycles The s...

Sulphur Cycle - Nutrient Cycles The sulphur cycle is mostly sedimentary except for a short gaseous phase. The large reservoir of sulphur is in the soil and sediment where it i

The kidney.., where is the inlet and outlet of the diaylsis machine

where is the inlet and outlet of the diaylsis machine

Usefulness of fungi for some industries, Q What is the usefulness of fungi ...

Q What is the usefulness of fungi for some industries? Fungi are industrially used in the production of fermented beverage, cheese, bread, and so on. A few fungi are very impor

Determine the isotopes of uranium and thorium, Does radioactive dating with...

Does radioactive dating with isotopes of uranium and thorium provide an estimate of the starting, middle, or end of the period of Earth's formation? Explain your answer No, th

Explain false positive tests, Q. Explain False Positive Tests? As ST de...

Q. Explain False Positive Tests? As ST depression has been equated with CAD, patients with this finding who have less than a critical coronary narrowing has been called false p

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd