Chronic bronchitis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as hypersecretion of mucus and recurrent episode of productive cough for a period of 3 months per year at least two consecutive years. 

Pathophysiology

First there is glandular hypertrophy. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia from chronic irritations cause excessive mucus production. The excessive mucus and impaired ciliary movement associated with chronic bronchitis increase susceptibility to infection. As infection progress, the epithelial cells produce a mucopurulent exudates in the lumen or the disease may progress to ulceration and destruction of the bronchial wall. The peribronchial fibrosis and the presence of granulation tissue result in stenosis and airway obstruction.

Second the bronchial wall tissue changes, mucosal ocdema and excessive mucus production, all increase airway resistance in persons with chronic bronchitis. Excess mucus may also cause bronchospasm. 

Third the pathophysiologic changes may impair the ability of lungs to exchange 0, and CO, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatching at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Obstructed airways may lead to atelectasis which further diminishes the surface are a available for respiration. Fourth the right ventricular decompensation or corpulmonale may result.


Related Discussions:- Chronic bronchitis

Excretion, living organisms and their excretory products

living organisms and their excretory products

Sense organs, difference between optic nerve and auditory nerve

difference between optic nerve and auditory nerve

Explain tricuspid regurgitation, Q. Explain Tricuspid regurgitation? Th...

Q. Explain Tricuspid regurgitation? Though tricuspid regurgitation is a common valvular abnormality on echocardiography rarely is it due to primary organic disease. Secondar

Distinguish between epithelial and connective tissues, Distinguish between ...

Distinguish between epithelial and connective tissues with respect to their cell arrangement? PROVIDE a specific example (for both tissue types) of how the arrangement of cells hel

Environment impact assessment and its need, Environment impact assessment (...

Environment impact assessment (EIA) is a tool used for decision making regarding developmental projects and programmes and it may be defined as formal process used to predict the e

Bty100, 1. (a) Which physicochemical properties need to be regulated by the...

1. (a) Which physicochemical properties need to be regulated by the cell? Define chemical equilibrium and discuss how it is maintained by the cell. (b) Differentiate between facili

Staphylococcal food poisoning, Staphylococcal food poisoning results from c...

Staphylococcal food poisoning results from consumption of food containing enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It is caused by ingestion of imp

How are platelets formed, How are platelets formed? What is the function of...

How are platelets formed? What is the function of platelets? What consequences does the clinical condition known as thrombocytopenia yield? Platelets, also called as thrombocyt

Amino acids, Amino acids are the subunits ( or the monomers) from which pr...

Amino acids are the subunits ( or the monomers) from which proteins (polymers) are assembled. Each amino acid comprises of an amino functional group, and a carboxyl acid group, an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd