Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Can you explain toxicants in plant foods, Q. Can you explain Toxicants in P...

Q. Can you explain Toxicants in Plant Foods? Several foods, some of which we consume regularly, have toxic compounds in them which are best avoided. These compounds can be prot

Determine requirement of carbohydrate for endurance events, Determine the R...

Determine the Requirement of carbohydrate for Endurance Events? For endurance events like sprinting (100 m run), football, hockey, the carbohydrate intake can be placed at 7:10

Benefits of haccp, The benefits of HACCP  can be  summarized  as under. ...

The benefits of HACCP  can be  summarized  as under. a)  Benefits to Consumers Reduced risk of food borne diseases Increased confidence in food supply Increased awar

What happens when the cell membrane ruptures, Explain what happens when the...

Explain what happens when the cell membrane or plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down? Ans) When cell membrane ruptures Ions leek out and unless repaired in time the cell will

Are sex-linked diseases associated only to genes, Are sex-linked diseases a...

Are sex-linked diseases associated only to genes of the X chromosome? There are many X-linked diseases, like hemophilia A, hemophilia B and adrenoleukodystrophy, but called as

Glycolipids, G L YCOLIPIDS They are lipids having sugar residues. ...

G L YCOLIPIDS They are lipids having sugar residues. Two common glycolipids are cerebrosides and gangliosides. (1) Cerebrosides They are made of amino alcohol sphi

The rate of germination, You are asked to set up an experiment to investiga...

You are asked to set up an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of germination. You place ten soaked peas in every of three flower pots containing moist

Protozoa., show me the schamatic diagram of chrysomoeba?

show me the schamatic diagram of chrysomoeba?

What do you mean by pericardial effusion, Q. What do you mean by Pericardia...

Q. What do you mean by Pericardial effusion? Collection of fluid in the pericardial sac is known as Pericardial effusion. All cases of pericarditis can lead to pericardial effu

Deficiency diseases-post-parturient haemoglobinuria (pph), Post-parturient ...

Post-parturient haemoglobinuria (pph) in cattle and buffaloes The post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) is an acute disease of high yielding buffaloes and cows. The disease oc

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd