Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Describe how to analysis and evaluation of jvp, Describe how to Analysis an...

Describe how to Analysis and Evaluation of JVP ? 1) Elevated: Any cause producing right ventricular, failure or in pericardial effusion and in constrictive pericardiitis when p

What do you mean by advanced characters, What do you mean by Advanced chara...

What do you mean by Advanced characters The traits, or characteristics, that an animal has that are not ancestral to the taxon. They appear later in the evolutionary history of

Explain the conveyor (or band) dryers, Explain the Conveyor (or Band) Dryer...

Explain the Conveyor (or Band) Dryers? In the conveyor (or band) dryer, the product is distributed on a moving belt, typically of a perforated plate, that passes through a tunn

Acquired aortic stenosis-types of aortic stenosis, Acquired Aortic Stenosis...

Acquired Aortic Stenosis :  a) Rheumatic: In developing countries rheumatic aortic valve disease is more common than degenerative one. Mitral valve involvement is a common as

Objective of nutrient needs during periods of pregnancy, Define Objective o...

Define Objective of nutrient needs during periods of pregnancy? describe the various physiological changes during pregnancy, describe foetal growth and development and

Protozoan , justify the claim that paramecium is the highly evolved protozo...

justify the claim that paramecium is the highly evolved protozoan basing on the morphological and physiological features .

Dna double helix , In the year of 1953, Watson and Crick worked out the...

In the year of 1953, Watson and Crick worked out the 3-D structure of DNA, beginning from X-ray diffraction photographs   taken through Wilkins and Franklin. They decreased which D

Abnormal violent contractions of skeletal muscles, Person Z swallowed a lar...

Person Z swallowed a large amount of substance X and, as a result, has convulsions (abnormal violent contractions of skeletal muscles).  Swallowing which of the following substance

Aril - seed appendages, Aril - Seed Appendages It is an outgrowth that...

Aril - Seed Appendages It is an outgrowth that arises from the funicle or the testa near the raphe and covers the seed partially or completely. It is often referred to as the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd