Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Northern blot, Northern blot is a technique for analyzing mixtures of RNA ...

Northern blot is a technique for analyzing mixtures of RNA by transfer of size-separated RNA fragments to a synthetic membrane, the presence and rough size of one particular type

Role of lymphatic system - circulation, Normal 0 false false ...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Determine the general principles for incisions, General Principles for Inci...

General Principles for Incisions The general principles for placing incisions so as to create surgical flaps remain the same regardless of the reason for creating them. These a

Leukemia and explain why each finding occurs in this disease, Patient is a ...

Patient is a 7-year-old girl who was brought to her physician by her mother with complaints of general fatigue, anorexia, and unexplained bruises and "rash" for the past 2 weeks. C

Quantitative changes, Quantitative changes The quantitative changes in...

Quantitative changes The quantitative changes in the availability of the active biomolecules occur in order to compensate for the loss of efficiency of the system caused by th

How does the pancreatic juice help the digestion of lipids, Q. How does the...

Q. How does the pancreatic juice help the digestion of lipids? What is the involved enzyme? The enzyme pancreatic lipase is present in the pancreatic juice this enzyme breaks t

What are the reproductive novelties, Q Do beings of the class Reptilia have...

Q Do beings of the class Reptilia have indirect or direct development? In beings of the class Reptilia the embryonic development is direct. So there is no larval stage. Q.

Difference between phanerogamic and cryptogamic plants, Q. What is the diff...

Q. What is the difference between phanerogamic and cryptogamic plants? Cryptogamic (hidden sex organs) plants are those that do not present seeds or flowers. They comprise the

Genetic, what is tay-sachs diseases in human beings as mendal incomplete do...

what is tay-sachs diseases in human beings as mendal incomplete dominance f2 genration

What is the goal of biological classification, The goals of biological clas...

The goals of biological classification The world of animal diversity is quite complex and it requires an ability to recognise similarities and differences among organisms. Class

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd