Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Estimate the frequencies of the d and d alleles, The Basque people, who liv...

The Basque people, who lived in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain, have one of the highest frequencies of the d allele in the Rh system so far reported. In one study

Birth control - permanent methods, PERMANEN T METHOD - 1. Vasectomy in...

PERMANEN T METHOD - 1. Vasectomy in male. 2. Tubectomy in female. 3. Leproscopy is used in tubal ligation , to ligate fallopian tubes.

Functions of insulin, FUNCTION S - (a) It is antagonistic to glucagon....

FUNCTION S - (a) It is antagonistic to glucagon. Insulin decreases the level of glucose in the blood. It acts by increasing the rate at which glucose is transported out of the

Admission to the hospital - nursing, Admission to  the Hospital The ...

Admission to  the Hospital The  philosophy of  childcare, whether in the home, hospital, or  other community agency, should be consistently one of concern and support for the

Classification of instrument sterilisation, The classification was given by...

The classification was given by Spaulding and is based on the contact with different tissue types to determine whether sterilization or disinfection is needed. 1. Critical item

Explain about anabolism, Q. Explain about Anabolism? Anabolism is a pro...

Q. Explain about Anabolism? Anabolism is a process of synthesis or making of larger or complex molecules from smaller molecules. The molecules are of different kinds like hormo

Explain oxygen concentration - lipid oxidation, Oxygen concentration Wh...

Oxygen concentration When oxygen is abundant, the rate of oxidation is independent of oxygen concentration, but at very low oxygen concentration, the rate is approximately prop

Hand washing in sterilization process, Q. Hand Washing in sterilization pro...

Q. Hand Washing in sterilization process? Hand washing is considered the single most important measure to reduce the risk of transmitting organisms to patients and HCWs (health

Embden meyerhof pathway, Anaerobic Oxidation Embden Meyerhof pathway ...

Anaerobic Oxidation Embden Meyerhof pathway The initial  stage of biological oxidiation  includes  a series of nine  main sequential   steps  of reactions  known  as Embd

Give the introduction of genesis of coronary artery diseases, Give the intr...

Give the introduction of genesis of coronary artery diseases and risk factors? Cardio-vascular diseases have their roots in the structure and functional alterations in the vasc

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd