Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Multiple fission - types of asexual reproduction, Multiple Fission - Types ...

Multiple Fission - Types of Asexual Reproduction Multiple fission is a variation of fission where the parent divides mitotically into a number of smaller units that are the da

What do you mean by dengue, Q. What is dengue? The Dengue, or dengue fe...

Q. What is dengue? The Dengue, or dengue fever, is an epidemic disease in some countries (for instance, in Brazil), and its most dangerous form is hemorrhagic dengue. It is cau

Intron, The introns are the portions of genomic DNA which are transcribed (...

The introns are the portions of genomic DNA which are transcribed (and hence present in the primary transcript) but are then spliced out later. They therefore are not present in th

Hybridization, what is hybridization,and what are its different types??

what is hybridization,and what are its different types??

Explain methodology required for osazone test, Explain Methodology Required...

Explain Methodology Required for Osazone Test? Take about 250-300 mg of phenylhydrazine mixture in the 3 clean labelled 15 ml dry test tubes. Add 5 ml of the glucose, fructose

Importance of the brain evolved from fishes to reptiles, How has the import...

How has the importance of the brain evolved from fishes to reptiles? From the least to the most difficult brain structure, it is evident that the brain, from fishes to beings o

Applications of computers in medical and nursing, Applications of Computers...

Applications of Computers in Medical and Nursing Establishment As computers are heavily used for storing and retrieving data the application can be administrative, clinica

Horse diseases-equine influenza, Equine influenza Equine influenza is ...

Equine influenza Equine influenza is a highly contagious, epizootic disease, which affects equines of all age groups and is caused by influenza virus A/equine virus of family

Define a technique of implant by using a tissue punch, Using a Tissue Punch...

Using a Tissue Punch The implant heads are located and using a suitable sized tissue punch(depending on the implant diameter), the tissue punch is used and takes a circular pie

Aerobic respiration, Ask question end product of aerobic repiration ar...

Ask question end product of aerobic repiration are

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd