Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Explain salient features of pulmonary tuberculosis, Salient Features of pul...

Salient Features of pulmonary tuberculosis The salient features tuberculosis include: Wasting of tissues Exhaustion Cough Expectoration, and Fever The acute p

Nutrition, how do carnivorous feed

how do carnivorous feed

Explain dietary diversification - iron deficiency anaemia, Explain the Diet...

Explain the Dietary diversification - Iron Deficiency Anaemia? It aims to ensure that deficient populations have access to foods rich in iron and also foods rich in vitamin C (

Define nutritional requirement in cold and polar environment, Define Nutrit...

Define Nutritional Requirements in Cold and Polar Environment? Energy requirements are the major consideration for providing nutritional support in a cold environment. Energy e

Can you explain cholera, Q. Can you explain Cholera? Cholera is one of ...

Q. Can you explain Cholera? Cholera is one of the diseases which had caused epidemics all over the world. The organism which causes the disease is Vibrio cholerae. It is an

What are the inorganic substances, What are the processes that autotrophic ...

What are the processes that autotrophic beings use to produce organic material from inorganic substances? Autotrophic beings make organic material by photosynthesis or by chemo

Sex-limited traits, can u show the different activities on the topic

can u show the different activities on the topic

Explain the steps of exercise, Explain the Steps of Exercise You have l...

Explain the Steps of Exercise You have learnt the steps of exercises in Block 3, Unit 1 of theory block. Let us review the steps. In aerobic exercises one has to under go fo

Rate of transport with increasing solute, Based on the information given in...

Based on the information given in each description, determine if the transporter is likely a channel or a carrier. This transporter shows increasing rate of transport with increasi

Explain oxidative phosphorylation, Explain Oxidative phosphorylation ...

Explain Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation  : Synthesis of ATP  from ADP  and  Pi  during the passage of electrons in the respiratory chain.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd