Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Explain about bequest value of biodiversity, Q. Explain about Bequest value...

Q. Explain about Bequest value of biodiversity? Sometimes people derive satisfaction from the fact that conserved biodiversity may benefit other individuals in the future, givi

Explain the genioglossus, Genioglossus Originates from superior genial ...

Genioglossus Originates from superior genial tubercles which are located near the crest of the alveolar ridge in atrophic mandible. Therefore, one should be aware of it during

Cotyledon, Cotyledon is a leaf-like structure which is present in the seed...

Cotyledon is a leaf-like structure which is present in the seeds of the flowering plants; it appears during seed germination and sometimes is referred to as the seed leaf.

Explain root pressure, Explain root pressure? How can you demonstrate it ex...

Explain root pressure? How can you demonstrate it experimentally? What is the cytological basis of Down's syndrome? Give two physical symptoms of this disorder. Describe why the

Why are additives used in foods?, Normal 0 false false fal...

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

How is a prototype drug different from other drugs, How is a prototype drug...

How is a prototype drug different from other drugs in the same class?

In which environments do bacteria live, In which environments do bacteria l...

In which environments do bacteria live? Bacteria can be found in various environments throughout the planet. There are bacteria in the air, in fresh water, on the surface, in t

Steps of research process - nursing research, Steps of Research Process: ...

Steps of Research Process: Identify the Problem: The first  task  in  the  planning stage  is  to identify and stage  the problem, as you have  already learnt in the  earlier

Define about the food production, Define about the Food Production? We ...

Define about the Food Production? We know that agriculture comprises the major source of food production. This is very true in a country like ours where the majority of the pop

Plasmodesmata, PLASMODESMATA Termed by Tangl & Strasburger. Cytop...

PLASMODESMATA Termed by Tangl & Strasburger. Cytoplasmic / Protoplasmic bridges between 2 adjacent cells. Desmotubules connects the E.R. of 2 cells. Plasmodesmata p

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd