Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Electric charge between neuron plasma membrane, Q. Which is the normal sign...

Q. Which is the normal sign of the electric charge between the two sides of the neuron plasma membrane? What is the potential difference (voltage) generated between these two sides

How are amphibians characterized, Q. Amphibian identity card. How are amphi...

Q. Amphibian identity card. How are amphibians characterized according to examples of representing beings, basic morphology, circulation, skin, nitrogen waste, respiration, thermal

Solubility of gases in water, Solubility of Gases in water Most gases w...

Solubility of Gases in water Most gases which are important for biological processes dissolve readily and specially in water. The solubility of any gas in water generally var

International support to control hpai and other tads, International support...

International support to control HPAI and other TADs In 2008, a new global approach called "One World, One Health" was defined by the four international technical agencies, i.e

What do you mean by osteichthyes and condrichthyes, Q. From which features ...

Q. From which features do osteichthyes and condrichthyes get these names? "Chondros" means cartilage, "ictis" means fish (both from the Greek) the name chondrichtians is for fi

Where can rna are found within cells, Q. Where can RNA are found within cel...

Q. Where can RNA are found within cells? In the eukaryote cell nucleus the RNA can be found to dispersed in the nuclear fluid, along with the DNA, and as the main constituent o

Define method used for capsular staining - anthony staining, Define method ...

Define method Used for Capsular Staining - Anthony Staining Method? Another method used for capsular staining is Anthony staining method, devised by E.E. Anthony in 1931. The m

Polyembryony, what are the types of polyembryony?

what are the types of polyembryony?

Explain zidovudine, Zidovudine Zidovudine is available alone and in fix...

Zidovudine Zidovudine is available alone and in fixed-dose combinations with lamivudine as Combivir and with lamivudine and abacavir as Trizivir. It can be given in combination

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd