Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

What are the advantages of grains, What are the Advantages of Grains D...

What are the Advantages of Grains Diabetics should have more grains, beans and starchy vegetables every day. Whole-\ grain foods are nutritious and high in fiber, such as whol

Describe fourth heart sound in details, Describe Fourth Heart Sound in deta...

Describe Fourth Heart Sound in details? S 4 is generated during the atrial-filling phase. It is a low frequency event. LVS, is best heard over apex. Mechanism of S 4 generat

The salt concentration is higher than that of acid, Which of the following ...

Which of the following statements about buffers is true? Select one: a. A buffer composed of a weak acid of pKa = 5 is stronger at pH 4 than at pH 6. b. At pH values lower

Uses of urine, Uses of Urine Urine is natural, easily available, harmle...

Uses of Urine Urine is natural, easily available, harmless, beneficial compound, which offers protection against a number of diseases. Now a day's urine after distillation from

Define procedure for testing presence of proteins in milk, Define Procedure...

Define Procedure for Testing the Presence of Proteins in Milk? 1. Add 0.5 ml of alcohol to 0.5 ml milk.  Alcohol helps in curdling the milk. 2. Observe for the curdling of m

How bone density affect osseointegration, Q. How Bone density affect osseoi...

Q. How Bone density affect osseointegration? The most important bone property is density which is influenced by factors such as patient age and genetics. Higher density bones h

What is the normal duration of the menstrual cycle, What is the normal dura...

What is the normal duration of the menstrual cycle? How does the calendar contraceptive method work? The normal duration of the menstrual cycle is 28 days but it can vary betwe

Endodermis , Endodermis is the layer of cells surrounding the vascular cyl...

Endodermis is the layer of cells surrounding the vascular cylinder of plants.

What is megalobastic anemia, Question 1) What is megalobastic anemia? Disc...

Question 1) What is megalobastic anemia? Discuss briefly its lab diagnosis. How would you differentiate megaloblastic anemia from other anemias? Question 2) What is hem

What would most likely be true, You are given a metaphase chromosome prepar...

You are given a metaphase chromosome preparation (a slide) from an unknown organism that contains 12 chromosomes. Two that are clearly smaller than the rest appear identical in len

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd