Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Define effect of deficiency of chromiumin humans, Define Effect of Deficien...

Define Effect of Deficiency of chromiumin humans? Hallmark of marginal chromium deficiency is impaired glucose tolerance. Individuals receiving TPN without chromium have been s

Neurons - nervous system, Neurons - Nervous System Although neurons oc...

Neurons - Nervous System Although neurons occur in a great variety of sizes and morphological forms, they have a basic plan of structure representing certain common characteri

Fossilisation, FOSSILIS A TIO N - The organisms are preserved and...

FOSSILIS A TIO N - The organisms are preserved and fossilized when they are buried in the ice, in an oil rich soil, in the lava of volcano, in swamps, in desiccated deser

What is osseointegration in macroscopic biomechanical, Q. What is Osseointe...

Q. What is Osseointegration in macroscopic biomechanical? A fixture is osseointegrated if there is no progressive relative motion between the fixture and surrounding living bon

Enumerate the history of neuropsychological, Enumerate the history of neuro...

Enumerate the history of neuropsychological The typical neuropsychological exam begins with a careful history taking. Areas of interest include: Medical history of patie

What is the significance of proteins for living beings, What is the signifi...

What is the significance of proteins for living beings? Proteins play a fundamental role in nearly all biological processes. Because of their diversity they can assume many dif

Hearing, HEARIN G  - Sound waves struck ear drum, it starts vibratio...

HEARIN G  - Sound waves struck ear drum, it starts vibrations, these vibrations are carried to MIS → f. ovalis → S. vestibule →  Hellicotrema → S. Tympani → f. rotundus → mi

Subphylum trilobitomorpha, Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Trilobi...

Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Subphylum Trilobitomorpha involves the trilobites. All species are extinct and the fossils point out that they were all marine forms belonging to Pal

Describe the mechanism responsible for the cessation, Describe a. the facto...

Describe a. the factors responsible for promoting lactation, and b. the mechanism responsible for the cessation of lactation when a mother weans her baby.

Determine the adaptation to terrestrial life, Why can the amnion also be co...

Why can the amnion also be considered an adaptation to terrestrial life? The amnion is also an adaptation to dry land since one of its functions is to prevent desiccation of th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd