Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

What are the symptoms associated with campylobacteriosis, What are the symp...

What are the symptoms and foods associated with campylobacteriosis?  Campylobacteriosis incubation period: 2-5 days after ingestion of contaminated food.  Symptoms: Diarrhoe

Observation or inference for half and full saturation test, Define Observat...

Define Observation or Inference for half and full saturation Test? 1. Starch is precipitated by half saturation with ammonium sulfate whereas dextrin is not precipitated. This

What are the main events of the third mitotic period, What are the main eve...

What are the main events of the third mitotic period? The third mitotic period is anaphase. In anaphase the following events happen: duplication and breaking of centromeres wi

What is the implant placement, What is the Implant Placement The failu...

What is the Implant Placement The failure to place an implant in the correct location in the buccolingual plane, mesiodistal plane and the inciso cervical plane results in the

Define key concepts and facts of polysaccharides, Define Key Concepts and F...

Define Key Concepts and Facts of Polysaccharides? 1. All polysaccharides contain several monosaccharide units. 2. All monosaccharide units are joined to each other by glycosidi

Explain three main steps for a good study of genetic tree, What are the thr...

What are the three main steps for a good study of a genetic family tree? Step 1: to determine whether the studied phenotypical form has a dominant or recessive pattern. Step

State in brief about the neuropsychological tests, State in brief about the...

State in brief about the Neuropsychological tests Neuropsychological tests have to be constructed using the psychometric approach the interpretation of test performance would n

Determine the method of recombination, Which of the following is a false st...

Which of the following is a false statement regarding the method of recombination or crossing-over? A. Crossing-over takes place during prophase I of meiosis B. Recombinatio

Explain catastrophism, Catastrophism Once-popular belief which events in t...

Catastrophism Once-popular belief which events in the history of earth had occurred in the past a sudden events and by processes different from those operating today. The periods

What are complementary genes, What are complementary genes? Does this inher...

What are complementary genes? Does this inheritance pattern obey Mendel's second law? Complementary genes are the different genes that act together to determine a given phenoty

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd