Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Explain phylum mollusca, Phylum Mollusca (47,000 species) The segmentat...

Phylum Mollusca (47,000 species) The segmentation and coelom may not exist. Diversification through modifications of head, foot; mantle and 'radula for feeding. .Visceralorgans

Standardization of hcl for saponification number of fats, Define Procedure ...

Define Procedure for Standardization of HCl for Saponification Number of Fats? Precisely weigh 2.65 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and transfer it to 100 ml volumetric flask.

Explain major role in contributing towards motivation, Major role in contri...

Major role in contributing towards motivation. Psychological factors: Depression, anxiety or phobia induced by illness,  life- style changes or medication effects, may hinder

Sugarcane, what the by products of sugarcane

what the by products of sugarcane

ORGANIC MANUres, why manures are better than fertilizers

why manures are better than fertilizers

Define absorption of calcium from dietary calcium supplement, Define Absorp...

Define Absorption of Calcium from dietary calcium supplements? Absorption from dietary calcium supplements is important to know, since they are almost universally recommended f

Why is water conservation in c3 c4 and cam plants important, Why is water c...

Why is water conservation in c3 c4 and cam plants important? Cam stands for Crassulacean acid metabolism. C3 and C4 conserve less water than Cam plants. Actually, C4 plan

What are the biological functions of the polysaccharides, Q. What are the m...

Q. What are the major biological functions of the polysaccharides? Polysaccharides have a structural function and an energy storage function. Polysaccharides incorporated by li

Risk factor modification, Risk Factor Modification :  Even after CABG,...

Risk Factor Modification :  Even after CABG, patients are at risk of progression of native coronary artery disease and development of lesions in the conduits. Modification of

Palliative and corrective procedures for cyanotic congenital, Palliative Pr...

Palliative Procedures   i)  This consists of enlarging the existing for a men ovale by putting a baloon through the defect (baloon septostomy) so that interatrial mixing of blo

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd