Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Explain the treatment of lyme disease, Treatment of Lyme Disease Lyme d...

Treatment of Lyme Disease Lyme disease in North America is caused by the spirochete  Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by Ixodes scapularis or pacificus tick

What are the reagents and products of fermentation, In general what are the...

In general what are the reagents and products of fermentation? In fermentation glucose (sugar) is degraded into pyruvic acid (every glucose molecule forms two pyruvic acid mole

What is suprasternal views in echocardiography, Q. What is Suprasternal Vie...

Q. What is Suprasternal Views in echocardiography? To complete the echocardiography in the patients with CHD these views are essential. For optimal windows patient should lie

What are the types of nutrients, Q. What are the types of nutrients? Explai...

Q. What are the types of nutrients? Explain the functions of nutrients? Types of nutrients  • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Fats • Minerals • Vitamins • Water Fu

Define measuring body composition- skin fold measurement, Define measuring ...

Define measuring body composition- Skin fold measurement? The clinical use, skin fold measurement can be taken with the help of calipers. The calipers are applied at constant p

Rate of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, The biological con...

The biological conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia in the group of plants known as legumes (peas, beans lentils and clover etc.) is achieved by the action of soil bacte

Define mini nutritional assessment (mna) tool, Define Mini Nutritional Asse...

Define Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Tool? It is a comprehensive and simple tool, which is able to categorize the subjects into three different categories like well nourish

Define about the sporocyst larva, Define about the Sporocyst Larva? Sp...

Define about the Sporocyst Larva? Sporocyst is the second larval stage in the life cycle of F. hepatica. It develops from the miracidium larva within the pulmonary chamber of

What do you mean by descending aorta, Q. What do you mean by Descending Aor...

Q. What do you mean by Descending Aorta?  The descending aorta begins at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It is defined through the cardiac shadow on the CXR, as it l

Respiratory quotient, Respiratory Quotient Table also shows the ratio ...

Respiratory Quotient Table also shows the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved to that of the amount of oxygen consumed during oxidation. This is the respiratory' quo

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd