Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Chemical bonding : The present matter of earth contains atoms bound in groups of two or more called molecules. Their binding capacity is called chemical reactivity; It depends upon the number of electrons in their outermost shell. When the number of shells is more than one maximum seven the first shell nearest to the nucleus can have maximum two electrons the second one can have maximum 8,third one as many as 18 fourth 32,fifth 32,sixth 18and seventh only two. Whichever it may be the outermost shell can never have more than 8electrons.Thus the presence of 8 electrons in the outermost shell represents the stability of an atom. In chemical bonding, the reactive atoms tend to gain stability either by covalent bonds electrons of their outermost shells, or by transferring ionic or electrovalent bonds electrons from one to the other. For instance, a molecule of water is formed by covalent bonding of two hydrogen atoms with an atom of oxygen atom has two electron shells. That of hydrogen atom has a single electron instead of the maximum two it can have. Similarly, the outermost shell of oxygen has only 6 electrons instead of 8 it can have. Obviously, an oxygen atom binds with two hydrogen atoms to complete the electron the electron number of8 in its outermost shell, while each hydrogen atom completes the number of two electrons in its shell, all by mutual sharing.
In another example, an atom of sodium combines with an atom of chlorine to form common salt (NaCI) sodium atom contains 11 electrons in 3 shells (2,8,1,) Chlorine atom contains 17 electrons in 3 shells(2,8,7,) To gain stability, chlorine atom takes up the lone electron of the outermost shell of sodium atom, while the latter easily loses this shell. Thus due to change in their electrons both atoms become electrically charged ions. Losing of an electrons by an atomic such electrovalent bonding is called its oxidation, and gaining of an electron by an atom is called its reduction.
#quesWhat benefits can commensalism offer to a species..
Q. What are the respective functions of the micronucleus and of the macronucleus in the paramecium? The macronucleus is properly the cell nucleus it has RNA and DNA and acts as
Japanese encephalitis The Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-born flavivirus infection that causes encephalitis in human and equines and abortion in pigs, caused by Japanese
why do ecological models commonly have limited applications?
Genital warts and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection External genital warts are caused by human papillo- mavirus, usually type 6 or 11; other types (16, 18 and others) cause
Explain the Drug Effects on Absorption of Nutrients? Many drugs can impair, prevent or reduce absorption of nutrients due to: Formation of insoluble complexes: many drugs
In what ways can we try to protect a species from extinction? We can attempt to protect species from extinction by making it illegal to kill the threatened animals or uproot o
Inspiration decreases the pressure in the central veins and thus increases the pressure gradient between the peripheral and central veins thus augmenting venous return. Skeletal mu
Describe Class Agnatha in details? Class Agnatha takes its name from the Greek word "gnathos," which means jaw, and "a," which is the prefix for "without." These jawless fishes
What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common? What are the differences between them? Facilitated diffusion can be confused with active transport because in
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd