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CHECK Constraints in SQL
A CHECK constraint is a table constraint defined using the key word CHECK, as already illustrated in several examples in this chapter. In particular, a CHECK constraint can be used to express a constraint such as the one shown in Example, referred to in the theory book as a tuple constraint (so one might call it a row constraint in SQL). This is clearly the way most SQL users would prefer to express such a constraint.
Initializing and Referencing Collections Until you initialize a collection, a nested table or varray is automatically null (i.e. the collection itself is null, not its elements)
Running the PL/SQL Wrapper To run the PL/SQL Wrapper, go through the wrap command at your operating system prompt by using the syntax as shown: wrap iname=input_file [oname=
Project Description: This is stage 1 of a larger conversion project. We are converting a traditional Server/Client application written in Access 2007 into a web interface with S
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Primary Key - SQL A PRIMARY KEY specification carries an implicit NOT NULL constraint on each column of the specified key. When more than one key constraint is required, the k
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
Aggregate Assignment The %ROWTYPE declaration cannot include an initialization clause. Though, there are two ways to assign values to all fields in a record at once. At First, t
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