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Character Set:
To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in the COBOL character set.
They are listed as below:
0-9 (10 numerals)
A-Z (26 English alphabets-only capital letters)
- (hyphen or minus sign)
+ (Plus sign)
* (Asterisk)
/ (Slash)
0= (Equal sign)
$ (Currency sign)
, (Comma)
; (Semi colon)
. (Period or decimal point)
" (Quotation mark)
( (Left Parenthesis)
) (Right Parenthesis)
> (Greater than symbol)
< (Less than symbol)
The characters 0-9 are known as numeric characters or digits. The characters A-Z are known as letters and the remaining characters are known as special characters. The space or blank character in many cases is treated as a letter.
RULES FOR INDEXED TABLES: The rules of indexing a table with an INDEXED phrase are as shown below: (1) If indexing is completed for any one level of a table, then indexing
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the relative files: The normal format for the SELECT clause for a relative file is as shown below. SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor-nam
Abbreviation: The Consecutive relational conditions in a compound condition can be abbreviated in many cases as shown: (i) When the subjects in the consecutive relational c
Illustration of Multiply verb: (a) MULTIPLY A BY B. In this situation the value of A & B will be multiplied and the product will be stored in B. The decimal point locatio
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
SUBTRACT VERB: The SUBTRACT verb is used to subtract one, or the sum of two or more numbers from one or more numbers and to store the result. The form of the SUBTRACT verb
FD Entry for variable-length Records: The RECORDS CONTAINS and BLOCK CONTAINS clause are quite dissimilar in the case of files with variable- length records. The syntax of the
CLOSE STATEMENT: When the processing of a file is completed, then the file may be closed. This is completed with the help of the CLOSE-verb. The form of the CLOSE statement is
Illustration of perform statement: PERFORM CALCUALTE-TAX. In this illustration, the CALCULATE-TAX is either a section name or paragraph name. Assume that it is a section
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
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