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Character Set:
To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in the COBOL character set.
They are listed as below:
0-9 (10 numerals)
A-Z (26 English alphabets-only capital letters)
- (hyphen or minus sign)
+ (Plus sign)
* (Asterisk)
/ (Slash)
0= (Equal sign)
$ (Currency sign)
, (Comma)
; (Semi colon)
. (Period or decimal point)
" (Quotation mark)
( (Left Parenthesis)
) (Right Parenthesis)
> (Greater than symbol)
< (Less than symbol)
The characters 0-9 are known as numeric characters or digits. The characters A-Z are known as letters and the remaining characters are known as special characters. The space or blank character in many cases is treated as a letter.
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES: In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
SEQUENTIAL FILE CREATION AND REWRITING: We have to write a program to create a student file with just two fields: sno i.e. Student Number and same i.e. Student Name. Add a few
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
Abbreviation: The Consecutive relational conditions in a compound condition can be abbreviated in many cases as shown: (i) When the subjects in the consecutive relational c
Format for COBOL Programs: The COBOL is a high-level language. Therefore, a COBOL program can be executed on a computer for which a COBOL compiler exists. The compiler transla
Currency Sign - edit characters for numeric data: $ (Currency Sign): The single currency sign can appear at the leftmost place of a picture. In that situation the $ cha
Valid and Invalid Word - Cobol words: Valid Word Invalid Word & Reason emp-sal -pay ( it starts with a hyphen) TOTAL MARK (blank space em
PROGRAM FOR ADD CORRESPONDING: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Add Corresponding. identification division. program- id. environment division.
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