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Character Set:
To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in the COBOL character set.
They are listed as below:
0-9 (10 numerals)
A-Z (26 English alphabets-only capital letters)
- (hyphen or minus sign)
+ (Plus sign)
* (Asterisk)
/ (Slash)
0= (Equal sign)
$ (Currency sign)
, (Comma)
; (Semi colon)
. (Period or decimal point)
" (Quotation mark)
( (Left Parenthesis)
) (Right Parenthesis)
> (Greater than symbol)
< (Less than symbol)
The characters 0-9 are known as numeric characters or digits. The characters A-Z are known as letters and the remaining characters are known as special characters. The space or blank character in many cases is treated as a letter.
UPDATING OF THE RELATIVE AND INDEXED FILES: The Sequential files are updated by creating a new master file from an existing old master file and a transaction file. Such an Upda
IF STATEMENT: The easiest form of the IF statement is IF condition-1 statement-1 where the condition-1 may be any one from the shown below. When the condition-1
Format for COBOL Programs: The COBOL is a high-level language. Therefore, a COBOL program can be executed on a computer for which a COBOL compiler exists. The compiler transla
ADD VERB: The ADD Verb can be used to find the sum of two or more numbers and to store the sum. The ADD verb takes any one of the two forms as shown below:
The LENDER Bank offers mortgages on homes valued up to $500,000. The required down payment is calculated as follows: 4% of the first $60,000 borrowed 8% of the next $30,000 borro
Occurs Clause: Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and
/ (Slash Insertion): The edit character slash (/) also termed as virgule or stroke, may appear anyplace in the picture. When used, it will be inserted. More than one slash can
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
COMPUTE VERB: The COMPUTE verb is very powerful. All the evaluations performed by the other 4 verbs can also be completed easily by using the COMPUTE verb. Its normal format i
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