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Character Set:
To study any language, first one should know the alphabets of the language and they are termed as character set in general. There are 50 different characters in the COBOL character set.
They are listed as below:
0-9 (10 numerals)
A-Z (26 English alphabets-only capital letters)
- (hyphen or minus sign)
+ (Plus sign)
* (Asterisk)
/ (Slash)
0= (Equal sign)
$ (Currency sign)
, (Comma)
; (Semi colon)
. (Period or decimal point)
" (Quotation mark)
( (Left Parenthesis)
) (Right Parenthesis)
> (Greater than symbol)
< (Less than symbol)
The characters 0-9 are known as numeric characters or digits. The characters A-Z are known as letters and the remaining characters are known as special characters. The space or blank character in many cases is treated as a letter.
IF STATEMENT: The easiest form of the IF statement is IF condition-1 statement-1 where the condition-1 may be any one from the shown below. When the condition-1
START STATEMENT: The START statement places the files to the initial logical record whose record key satisfies the condition specified by the KEY phrase. The access mode shoul
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
PERFORM WITH UNTIL OPTION: The format is as shown below: Illustration: A) Perform p-3 until i > 5. Here p-3 will be executed whenever i B) Perform p-2 thru
LEVEL NUMBERS: The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure. A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers a
LABEL RECORD CLAUSE: This clause specifies whether or not the standard header and trailer labels must be present in the magnetic-tape files. VALUE OF CLAUSE: The VAL
Comparison of Numeric Operands: We are well-known with the kind of the relational condition where both the operands are numeric. The comparison in this situation is algebraic
Example of Accept statement: For illustration, ACCEPT FLAG-A can be specified to read the value of the FLAG_A from the console. It may be keep in mind that no file definition
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
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