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An incubation combination is set up having the single-stranded DNA template, DNA polymerase I, the primer and all 4 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dTTP, dGTP, dCTP, dATP), one of that is radioactively labeled plus a one 2'3' dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate analog, say ddGTP. Within this incubation the DNA polymerase starts copying template molecules by extending the bound primer. As the new DNA strand is synthesized, every time which dGTP should be incorporated there is a chance which ddGTP will be incorporated instead. If this happens, no further chain elongation can occur because dideoxy analogs lack the 3'-OH group needed to make the next 3'5' phosphodiester bond. Thus this particular chain stops at this point. In this first incubation combination, a huge population of templates is being copied and each new strand will stop randomly at positions where a G must be added to the latest synthesized strand. Thus, for every G in the complementary sequence there will be some new DNA strands which have terminated at that point shown in the figure.
Figure: DNA sequencing by the chain termination (Sanger) method.
Kidney Disease The target BP in chronic kidney disease is set at 130/80. This will retard the progression of renal function. The drugs recommended are the ACEI/ARBs. These c
In about 80 per cent of ARF patients, ASO titre is significantly raised. ASO titres vary with age, geographical area and other fevers, which influence frequency of streptococcal in
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