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How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations There are three basic operations to be executes on relations: Insertion Deletion Update The INSER
Example- Search the salary of employees who are not 'ANALYST' but get a salary below than or equal to any people employed as 'ANALYST'. SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROMEMP
By using the delete operation some consisting records can be deleted from a relation. To delete some definite records from the database a condition is also specified based on which
Describe integrity and security? a) Domain constraint b) Referential integrity A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear fo
Explain the concepts of relational data model? Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970
What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to alters to th
Express types of information available in MySQL? Information as regards the result of queries: This includes number of records affected by any SELECT or UPDATE or DELETE st
Describe a technique for direct search? Explain how data is stored within a file so which direct searching can be performed. For a file of unordered fixed length records by u
Hot Backup: Some sites cannot terminate the database while creating a backup copy of the files. The cold backup is not a reliable option. So different kinds of backing up database
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