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If R1 and R2 are two relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 × R2 is the combination of tuples that are in R1 and R2. The product is associative and commutative.
Degree (R3) =Degree of (R1) + Degree (R2).
In case, R3 will have tuples such that R3 = {t1 || t2 | R1 ∋ t1 ∧ R2 ∋ t2}.
Example:
R2
A
B
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
R1
C
C1
C2
R3 = R1 × R2 is
Define null values. In some cases a certain entity may not have an applicable value for an attribute or if we do not know the value of an attribute for a certain entity. In the
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Set Difference If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or relations then result of R3 =R1- R2 is the relation that have only those tuples that are in R1 but not in R2.
A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time. A relation state r of the relation schema R (A 1 ,A 2 ,.....
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