Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Cardiac Output - Circulation
The cardiac output can be determined in a number of ways. The most common method is the Fick's principle. A. Fick a German physiologist in 1870 described a simple method of calculating cardiac output from measurement of oxygen consumption (or carbon dioxide production) and the difference between oxygen (or carbon dioxide) contents of blood entering and leaving the heart.
The volume of blood ejected by each beat of the heart is the stroke volume. The mean stroke volume is determined by dividing cardiac output by heart rate. In other words, cardiac output can be calculated if we know the values of heart rate and stroke volume. Therefore, cardiac output can be increased by increasing either the heart frequency or the stroke volume or both. However, in mammals there may be little change in stroke volume if cardiac output is to be altered, major adjustments are made in the heart rate. The distribution of blood to the various organs of the human body is given in Table You can see from the Table that kidneys, liver, heart and brain make up only 5% of the total body weight but receive more than half of the total cardiac output. Stroke volume can also be defined as the difference in volume of blood before and after contraction. Two factors influence stroke volume, one is the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) which increases contractions thus forcing a larger volume of - blood out of the ventricles in a single stroke. The other is the amount of blood present in the ventricles before contraction.
If the returning venous blood to the heart is increased, then ventricles will be filled with more blood and following contraction more blood will be ejected out. This relationship between cardiac output and increased venous volume was discovered by the English physiologist Ernest H. Starling. This relationship will be further discussed when we talk of blood flow during exercise.
Indication : IABP is commonly used to supporting failing left ventricle after open-I1ca1-t surgery or in cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. It is at times used in uns
What is the typical localization of the tropical forests regarding latitude? The Tropical rain forests, like the Congo forest and the Amazon forest, are typically located in lo
Water Reuse And Recycling Are Becoming Much More Common As Demands For Water Exceed Supply. Unplanned reuse occurs as the result of waste effluents entering receiving waters or g
Which of the following is not needed for C to U deamination during RNA editing? A. Formation of localized segments of double stranded RNA. B. The 5' and 3' efficiency elemen
what''s the define of mitochodria
What is cell theory? Cell theory declares that the cell is the constituent unit of living beings. Before the discovery of the cell, it was not identified that living beings
Q. Are body planes important for identifying anatomical structure? In order to observe and study structural arrangement of the internal organs, body may be divided and sectione
How Peroxisomes formed Peroxisomes are formed within the cell from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum by a process of budding. Peroxisomes found in the kidney and liver cells are
What is Archaebacteria ? Archaebacteria is a relatively new grouping that was created in the light of relatively recent biochemical and electron microscopic evidence. These fin
describe the phylums of invertebrates?
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd