User Account

All Pages

Capital Rationing, Finance, Other Engineering

Assignment Help:
Capital Rationing

Capital Rationing refers to a situation where the firm is constrained for external, or self-imposed, reasons to obtain necessary funds to invest in all investment projects with positive NPV. Under capital rationing the management has not simply to determine the profitable investment opportunities, but it has also to decide to obtain that combination of the profitable projects which yields highest NPV within the available funds.

Why capital rationing

Capital rationing may arise due to external factors or internal constraints imposed by the management. Thus there are two types of capital rationing:

• External capital rationing

• Internal capital rationing.

External capital rationing

External capital rationing mainly occurs on account of the imperfection in capital markets. Imperfections may be caused by deficiencies in market information, or by frigidities of attitude that hamper the free flow of capital. For example, supreme electronics ltd is a closely held company; it borrows from the financial institutions as much as it can. It still has investment opportunities, which can be financed by issuing equity capital. But it doesn’t issue shares; the owner-managers do not approve the idea of the public issue of shares because of the fear of losing control of the business. Consider another case. Tan India wattle extracts ltd. Proposes to set up a plant for manufacturing wattle extract. There is expected to be tremendous demand for wattle extract and therefore the proposed project is likely to be highly profitable. The respective investors however, are not convinced of the prospects of the project. For the company, therefore, the capital markets are non-existent. The NPV rule will not work if shareholders do not have access to the capital markets. Imperfections in capital markets alone do not invalidate use of the NPV rule. In reality, we will have very few situations where capital markets do not exist shareholders.

Internal capital rationing

Internal capital rationing is caused by self-imposed restrictions by the management. Various types of constraints may be imposed. For example, it may be decided not to obtain additional funds by incurring debt. This may be a part of the firm’s conservative financial policy. Management may fix an arbitrary limit to the amount of funds to be invested by the divisional mangers. Sometimes management may resort to capital rationing by requiring minimum rate of return higher than the cost of capital whatever may be the type of restrictions, the implication is that some of the predictable projects will have to be foregone because of the lack of funds. However, the NPV rule will work since shareholders can borrow or lend in the capital markets.

It is quite difficult sometimes to justify the internal capital rationing. But generally it is used as a means of financial control in a divisional set-up the divisional managers may overstate their investment requirements. One watt o forcing them to carefully assess their investment opportunities and set priorities is to put upper limits to their capital expenditures. Similarly, a company may put investment limits if it finds itself incapable of coping with the strains and organizational problems of a fast growth.

Related Discussions:- Capital Rationing, Finance

Hydraulics.., A pump delivers 40 lpm to a 100 mm bore/25 mm rod cylinder to...

A pump delivers 40 lpm to a 100 mm bore/25 mm rod cylinder to move a load of 22 kN. A throttle is introduced on the rod end, and return flow with a 10 lpm flow rate. A 70 bar press

Couplings in engine, Couplings: Because of the requirement to make main...

Couplings: Because of the requirement to make maintenance tasks such as engine removal/refit, gearbox removal/refit easier, it is necessary to have a means of coupling the turb

Need answers in an excel spreadsheet, 1 Scott Investors, Inc., is consideri...

1 Scott Investors, Inc., is considering the purchase of a $447,000 computer with an economic life of five years. The computer will be fully depreciated over five years using the st

Human values, what is the basics suggetion for the education values

what is the basics suggetion for the education values

Turbine cooling - aircraft engine, Turbine cooling  Airflow: Figure ill...

Turbine cooling  Airflow: Figure illustrates the turbine cooling airflow of a typical gas turbine engine. The outward flow of cooling air is controlled by air seals of multi-g

Causes of unbalance - aircraft design, Causes of unbalance Unbalance ma...

Causes of unbalance Unbalance may be caused by a variety of factors occurring singly or in combination with others. These factors include:- a) Eccentricity Eccentricity

Ir receiver help, I am not getting proper infrared receiver for my mini pro...

I am not getting proper infrared receiver for my mini project so help for finding proper ir receiver..

Optimization, Wild west produces two types of cowboy hats. Type 1 hat requi...

Wild west produces two types of cowboy hats. Type 1 hat requires twice as much labor time as a type 2. If all the available labor time is dedicated to type 2 alone, the company can

Integrated circuits, Integrated circuits: Integrated circuits, or IC's,...

Integrated circuits: Integrated circuits, or IC's, have changed the entire electronics industry. Before IC's were developed, all electronic circuits consisted of individual (d

Working of i.c. engine, WORKING OF I.C. ENGINE Basically there are 2 ty...

WORKING OF I.C. ENGINE Basically there are 2 types of internal combustion engines; the two stoke type and the 4-stroke type. A brief description of these is given below: 1.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Order Assignment

Featured Services

Order Now

Popular Subjects

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

Submit Assignment

Academics

Major Subjects

Majors

Get In Touch

whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620

Phone: +91-977-207-8620

Email: [email protected]

TERMS & POLICIES

HELP & SUPPORT

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd