Capital Rationing, Finance, Other Engineering

Assignment Help:
Capital Rationing

Capital Rationing refers to a situation where the firm is constrained for external, or self-imposed, reasons to obtain necessary funds to invest in all investment projects with positive NPV. Under capital rationing the management has not simply to determine the profitable investment opportunities, but it has also to decide to obtain that combination of the profitable projects which yields highest NPV within the available funds.

Why capital rationing

Capital rationing may arise due to external factors or internal constraints imposed by the management. Thus there are two types of capital rationing:

• External capital rationing

• Internal capital rationing.

External capital rationing

External capital rationing mainly occurs on account of the imperfection in capital markets. Imperfections may be caused by deficiencies in market information, or by frigidities of attitude that hamper the free flow of capital. For example, supreme electronics ltd is a closely held company; it borrows from the financial institutions as much as it can. It still has investment opportunities, which can be financed by issuing equity capital. But it doesn’t issue shares; the owner-managers do not approve the idea of the public issue of shares because of the fear of losing control of the business. Consider another case. Tan India wattle extracts ltd. Proposes to set up a plant for manufacturing wattle extract. There is expected to be tremendous demand for wattle extract and therefore the proposed project is likely to be highly profitable. The respective investors however, are not convinced of the prospects of the project. For the company, therefore, the capital markets are non-existent. The NPV rule will not work if shareholders do not have access to the capital markets. Imperfections in capital markets alone do not invalidate use of the NPV rule. In reality, we will have very few situations where capital markets do not exist shareholders.

Internal capital rationing

Internal capital rationing is caused by self-imposed restrictions by the management. Various types of constraints may be imposed. For example, it may be decided not to obtain additional funds by incurring debt. This may be a part of the firm’s conservative financial policy. Management may fix an arbitrary limit to the amount of funds to be invested by the divisional mangers. Sometimes management may resort to capital rationing by requiring minimum rate of return higher than the cost of capital whatever may be the type of restrictions, the implication is that some of the predictable projects will have to be foregone because of the lack of funds. However, the NPV rule will work since shareholders can borrow or lend in the capital markets.

It is quite difficult sometimes to justify the internal capital rationing. But generally it is used as a means of financial control in a divisional set-up the divisional managers may overstate their investment requirements. One watt o forcing them to carefully assess their investment opportunities and set priorities is to put upper limits to their capital expenditures. Similarly, a company may put investment limits if it finds itself incapable of coping with the strains and organizational problems of a fast growth.

Related Discussions:- Capital Rationing, Finance

Double acting propellers, Double acting propellers: This type of propel...

Double acting propellers: This type of propeller is normally fitted to larger engine and, because of engine requirements, is more complicated than the propellers fitted to smal

Technical Paper, I need help summarizing a technical paper.

I need help summarizing a technical paper.

Computational aerodynamics-guided reading, It is recommended that if possib...

It is recommended that if possible you should buy a copy of this book. It will prove useful for the new fourth year configurational aerodynamics module also. Blackwells bookshop ha

High rise buildings - fire protection engineering, High rise buildings: ...

High rise buildings: High rise buildings have their own particular requirements for fire safety and for fire fighting.  Means of escape rely on most people descending the stai

Composite materials - approximate stability equatation, Most vehicles have ...

Most vehicles have the XZ plane as a plane of symmetry which results in D = 0 and F = 0. Further if the disturbance velociies are small then terms proportional to the square and pr

Flight dynamics - pitching moment, The centre of pressure (CP) is defined a...

The centre of pressure (CP) is defined as the point about which the resultant moment is zero; the net effect of the flow in terms of forces and moments would be the same as if the

Audio amplifier classes, Expertsmind.com brings you unique solution in el...

Expertsmind.com brings you unique solution in electrical engineering Audio Amplifier Classes Class A The transistor amp conducts for the entire cycle of input signal.

Phase array modelling, QUESTION: Modelling of phase array antenna for medic...

QUESTION: Modelling of phase array antenna for medical imaging. INSTRUCTION: The expert must provide a correct mathematical model solution and detail by detail steps of how it can

Market value, Calculate the market value of a firm with total assests of $1...

Calculate the market value of a firm with total assests of $105 million and $50 million of 10% perpetual debt in the capital structure. The firm''s cost of equity is 14% on the $55

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd