Capital Rationing, Finance, Other Engineering

Assignment Help:
Capital Rationing

Capital Rationing refers to a situation where the firm is constrained for external, or self-imposed, reasons to obtain necessary funds to invest in all investment projects with positive NPV. Under capital rationing the management has not simply to determine the profitable investment opportunities, but it has also to decide to obtain that combination of the profitable projects which yields highest NPV within the available funds.

Why capital rationing

Capital rationing may arise due to external factors or internal constraints imposed by the management. Thus there are two types of capital rationing:

• External capital rationing

• Internal capital rationing.

External capital rationing

External capital rationing mainly occurs on account of the imperfection in capital markets. Imperfections may be caused by deficiencies in market information, or by frigidities of attitude that hamper the free flow of capital. For example, supreme electronics ltd is a closely held company; it borrows from the financial institutions as much as it can. It still has investment opportunities, which can be financed by issuing equity capital. But it doesn’t issue shares; the owner-managers do not approve the idea of the public issue of shares because of the fear of losing control of the business. Consider another case. Tan India wattle extracts ltd. Proposes to set up a plant for manufacturing wattle extract. There is expected to be tremendous demand for wattle extract and therefore the proposed project is likely to be highly profitable. The respective investors however, are not convinced of the prospects of the project. For the company, therefore, the capital markets are non-existent. The NPV rule will not work if shareholders do not have access to the capital markets. Imperfections in capital markets alone do not invalidate use of the NPV rule. In reality, we will have very few situations where capital markets do not exist shareholders.

Internal capital rationing

Internal capital rationing is caused by self-imposed restrictions by the management. Various types of constraints may be imposed. For example, it may be decided not to obtain additional funds by incurring debt. This may be a part of the firm’s conservative financial policy. Management may fix an arbitrary limit to the amount of funds to be invested by the divisional mangers. Sometimes management may resort to capital rationing by requiring minimum rate of return higher than the cost of capital whatever may be the type of restrictions, the implication is that some of the predictable projects will have to be foregone because of the lack of funds. However, the NPV rule will work since shareholders can borrow or lend in the capital markets.

It is quite difficult sometimes to justify the internal capital rationing. But generally it is used as a means of financial control in a divisional set-up the divisional managers may overstate their investment requirements. One watt o forcing them to carefully assess their investment opportunities and set priorities is to put upper limits to their capital expenditures. Similarly, a company may put investment limits if it finds itself incapable of coping with the strains and organizational problems of a fast growth.

Related Discussions:- Capital Rationing, Finance

model training, You are required to undertake the following tasks: 1.    ...

You are required to undertake the following tasks: 1.      Problem Identification Download the dataset assigned to you from the module Blackboard site. Read the data description

Resolving power and rayleigh criterion of resolution, Q. Explain Rayleigh c...

Q. Explain Rayleigh criterion of resolution. What is meant by resolving power of grating? Ans.   Resolving Power (i)  Meaning of Resolution : The resolving power of

Asset allocation, 7 refer(s) to the ability to convert assets to cash quick...

7 refer(s) to the ability to convert assets to cash quickly and at a fair market price and often increase(s) as one approaches the later stages of the investment life cycle

Application to the axial flow compressor, APPLICATION TO THE AXIAL FLOW COM...

APPLICATION TO THE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR: In order for the compressor to deliver a high mass airflow for a minimum effort required to drive it, it is important that all the com

Applications of De, What are the applications of de.moivres theorem in soft...

What are the applications of de.moivres theorem in software engineering,computer science,programming and computer engineering? if there are any applications,then,what are that?

Capital budgeting decisions, Capital Budgeting Decisions The most important...

Capital Budgeting Decisions The most important function of a finance manager is the efficient allocation of its capital. The investment decision of a firm is termed as capital budg

Fire evacuation signals, Fi r e evacuation signals: Members of the ...

Fi r e evacuation signals: Members of the public are known not to respond positively to fire evacuation signals. People will often try to ignore the signal and will try to

Mobile Communication, A car, moving in the south-east direction at a veloci...

A car, moving in the south-east direction at a velocity of 5 m/s, receives a ray of power of -120 dBm each from the north, east and west. The carrier frequency is 300 MHz. (i) Sket

Case study, M/s XYZ Ltd manufactures a product “PLVS” at its plant at Meeru...

M/s XYZ Ltd manufactures a product “PLVS” at its plant at Meerut, the maximum capacity of which is 200 units per month. Details of raw materials which go into the making of 1 units

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd