Capital Rationing, Finance, Other Engineering

Assignment Help:
Capital Rationing

Capital Rationing refers to a situation where the firm is constrained for external, or self-imposed, reasons to obtain necessary funds to invest in all investment projects with positive NPV. Under capital rationing the management has not simply to determine the profitable investment opportunities, but it has also to decide to obtain that combination of the profitable projects which yields highest NPV within the available funds.

Why capital rationing

Capital rationing may arise due to external factors or internal constraints imposed by the management. Thus there are two types of capital rationing:

• External capital rationing

• Internal capital rationing.

External capital rationing

External capital rationing mainly occurs on account of the imperfection in capital markets. Imperfections may be caused by deficiencies in market information, or by frigidities of attitude that hamper the free flow of capital. For example, supreme electronics ltd is a closely held company; it borrows from the financial institutions as much as it can. It still has investment opportunities, which can be financed by issuing equity capital. But it doesn’t issue shares; the owner-managers do not approve the idea of the public issue of shares because of the fear of losing control of the business. Consider another case. Tan India wattle extracts ltd. Proposes to set up a plant for manufacturing wattle extract. There is expected to be tremendous demand for wattle extract and therefore the proposed project is likely to be highly profitable. The respective investors however, are not convinced of the prospects of the project. For the company, therefore, the capital markets are non-existent. The NPV rule will not work if shareholders do not have access to the capital markets. Imperfections in capital markets alone do not invalidate use of the NPV rule. In reality, we will have very few situations where capital markets do not exist shareholders.

Internal capital rationing

Internal capital rationing is caused by self-imposed restrictions by the management. Various types of constraints may be imposed. For example, it may be decided not to obtain additional funds by incurring debt. This may be a part of the firm’s conservative financial policy. Management may fix an arbitrary limit to the amount of funds to be invested by the divisional mangers. Sometimes management may resort to capital rationing by requiring minimum rate of return higher than the cost of capital whatever may be the type of restrictions, the implication is that some of the predictable projects will have to be foregone because of the lack of funds. However, the NPV rule will work since shareholders can borrow or lend in the capital markets.

It is quite difficult sometimes to justify the internal capital rationing. But generally it is used as a means of financial control in a divisional set-up the divisional managers may overstate their investment requirements. One watt o forcing them to carefully assess their investment opportunities and set priorities is to put upper limits to their capital expenditures. Similarly, a company may put investment limits if it finds itself incapable of coping with the strains and organizational problems of a fast growth.

Related Discussions:- Capital Rationing, Finance

Process control, what is the input to a process control system?

what is the input to a process control system?

Grain boundary, Q.  Describe the structure of grain boundary. Ans. O...

Q.  Describe the structure of grain boundary. Ans. One phase of metal contains many grains of various orientation, the individual crystals are called grains. Thus a grain is

Information, hi there i wonder if you could help me with this quistion? whe...

hi there i wonder if you could help me with this quistion? where would i find information specifying the minimum conductor size for electrial circuits can be obtained from A. BS76

Sizing, Q. What is the purpose of :          (i) Sizing,            ...

Q. What is the purpose of :          (i) Sizing,                  (ii) Coining operations in powder metallurgy,         (iii) Infiltration,           (iv) Impregnati

Home inventory system, Software House PLC (SHP) is a pan European software ...

Software House PLC (SHP) is a pan European software development group that operates in the UK and the European Union. The company develops and markets off the shelf & bespoke softw

Cadmium telluride, what are the manufacturing processes used in cadmium tel...

what are the manufacturing processes used in cadmium telluride manufacture?

Free Vibration Problem, I have a multi-part three mass, three spring and th...

I have a multi-part three mass, three spring and three coordinate system that I need to find: The free vibration of the second mode Magnitude of the steady-state force based on a g

What is the difference between journal entry & ledger?, What is the differe...

What is the difference between JOURNAL ENTRY & LEDGER?  Journal is a journal of unique entrance. It is a journal where all the dealings of organization have been registered rela

Compressor stall and surge of aircraft, Compressor stall and surge: ‘Su...

Compressor stall and surge: ‘Surge' can occur in both centrifugal and axial flow compressors and is the reversal of the airflow in the compressor. It is a very undesirable con

Identify the key issues evident at global mining, The atmosphere in the roo...

The atmosphere in the room was tense. Ted Kimoski, Financial Director for Global Mining, had justfinished his presentation. John Campbell, Managing Director, sat quietly making not

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd