Q. What is the name given to conditions in which the own immune system of the individual is the agent of diseases? What are some examples of these conditions?

Diseases caused by the action of the own immune system of the individual are known as autoimmune diseases.

The autoimmune diseases appear when the immune system makes defense cells or antibodies that attack tissues, cells and organs of its own body. The attacked tissues or cells are wrongly recognized as antigens by the immune system. Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, pemphigus, lupus, vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease (chronic inflammation of the gut), myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's disease, Graves disease, and so on., are all examples of autoimmune diseases.