Question 1:
(a)  (i) Radio waves are subject to several propagation problems. Name any three of them.
(ii) A Wi-Fi receiver requires a signal power of 50mW to operate correctly. Calculate the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter  if the receiver is placed at a distance of 40 meters from the transmitter.
(b)  Consider the arrangement of  self-learning bridges  shown in the figure below. Assuming all are initially empty, give the  forwarding tables  for each of the bridges W, X, Y and Z after the following transmissions:
Host A sends to Host C,  
Host D sends to Host B,  
Host C sends to Host A and  
Host E sends to Host D.

(c)  Give an example of a transmitted  hexadecimal  byte-stream in  Basic Encoding Rules (BER) by using the following data  type declarations and its corresponding instances:
name ::= OCTET STRING {name, "JOHN SMITH"} 
active ::= BOOLEAN [0=NO, 1=YES] {inactive, 0} 
number ::= INTEGER {number, 5}
(d)  One method for fault tolerant servers to provide  redundancy  is  by implementing RAID5.
(i)  Explain the term redundancy. 
(ii)  By means of a diagram, show how data is written to four hard disks of 1TB configured as RAID5.
(iii) What is the total available space for use of the RAID5 implementation described above?