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Built-In FunctionsThe PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below:error reportingnumbercharacterdatatype conversiondateobject referencemiscellaneousThe table shows the functions in each and every category. You can use all the functions in the SQL statements except the error-reporting functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM. You can also use all the functions in the procedural statements except the miscellaneous functions like DECODE, DUMP, & VSIZE.The SQL aggregate functions such as AVG, GROUPING, COUNT, STDDEV, MIN, MAX, SUM, and VARIANCE are not built into PL/SQL. However, you can use them in the SQL statements (but not in the procedural statements).
Table: Built-in Functions
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
Keyword &Parameter Description: index_name: This is an undeclared identifier which can be referenced only within the FORALL statement and only as the collection subscript
%ROWTYPE: This attribute gives a record type which represents a row in the database table or a row fetched from a formerly declared cursor. The Fields in the record and corresp
different lock modes used in the locking system
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
Package Body: The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the pac
SQL outer join SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL LEFT JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON Note that adding LEFT to an invocation of CROSS JOIN has no effect unless the right-hand operand
Varrays versus Nested Tables The Nested tables are differing from varrays in the following ways: 1) Varrays have a maximum size, while nested tables do not. 2) Varrays are
Understanding Varrays The Items of type VARRAY are termed as the varrays. They permit you to relate a single identifier with the whole collection. This relationship lets you man
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