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Built-In FunctionsThe PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below:error reportingnumbercharacterdatatype conversiondateobject referencemiscellaneousThe table shows the functions in each and every category. You can use all the functions in the SQL statements except the error-reporting functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM. You can also use all the functions in the procedural statements except the miscellaneous functions like DECODE, DUMP, & VSIZE.The SQL aggregate functions such as AVG, GROUPING, COUNT, STDDEV, MIN, MAX, SUM, and VARIANCE are not built into PL/SQL. However, you can use them in the SQL statements (but not in the procedural statements).
Table: Built-in Functions
Inner Join We have learned how to retrieve data from one table by using SELECT statement. But, as we have learned, normalized relational databases mean the data is spread betw
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Example of UNWRAP Operator - SQL Example here shows how unwrapping can be done in longhand in SQL. Example: Unwrapping in SQL Letting CONTACT_INFO_WRAPPED denote the res
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
Data Types in SQL - Timestamp TIMESTAMP for values representing points in time on a specified uniform scale. DATE is used for timestamps on a scale of one day, such as DATE '2
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
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