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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
Question a) Describe how the endogenous model is an improvement to the neo-classical model in explaining the long-run effect of investment on economic growth of a country.
Q. Using array to execute the queue structure, write down an algorithm/program to (i) Insert an element in the queue. (ii) Delete an element from the queue.
implement multiple stacks in an array and write different algorithms to perform operations on it
1. The following is a recursive algorithm to calculate the k -th power of 2. Input k a natural number Output kth power of 2 Algorithem: If k =0then return 1 Else return 2* po
RENDERING, SHADING AND COLOURING By introducing hidden line removal we have already taken one step away from wire-frame drawings towards being able to realistically model and d
1. Define the following terms in a rule-based expert system? a) Knowledge base b) Inference engine 2. What is a fuzzy rule? Explain the difference between classical and fuzzy
Q. What is the smallest value of n such that an algorithm whose running time is 100n2 runs faster than an algorithm whose running time is 2n on the same machine. A n
how do we use 4-discs stack to solve tower of hanoi problem and write an algorithm to solve it?
How can i decrease my latency for 69 moves
Question 1 Explain the use of algorithms in computing Question 2 Explain time complexity and space complexity of an algorithm Question 3 Explain how you can analyz
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