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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
1) Why space complexity is comparatively more critical than time complexity? 2) Determine the space complexity of Euclid Algorithm?
Hubs - In reality a multiport repeater - Connects stations in a physical star topology - As well may create multiple levels of hierarchy to remove length limitation of 10
implement multiple stacks ina single dimensional array. write algorithams for various stack operation for them.
A small shop sells 280 different items. Every item is identified by a 3 - digit code. All items which start with a zero (0) are cards, all items which start with a one (1) are swee
Simplifying Assumptions of wire frame representation Neglect colour - consider Intensity: For now we shall forget about colour and restrict our discussion just to the intensi
(a) Describe the steps involved in the process of decision making under uncertainty. (b) Explain the following principles of decision making: (i) Laplace, (ii) Hurwicz. (c
Assertions and Abstract Data Types Even though we have defined assertions in terms of programs, notion can be extended to abstract data types (which are mathematical entities).
Write the algorithm for compound interest
You are given an undirected graph G = (V, E) in which the edge weights are highly restricted. In particular, each edge has a positive integer weight of either {1,2,...,W}, where W
Q1. Define the following terms: (i) Abstract data type. (ii) Column major ordering for arrays. (iii) Row major ordering for arrays. Q2. Explain the following: (i) A
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