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Breadth-first search starts at a given vertex h, which is at level 0. In the first stage, we go toall the vertices that are at the distance of one edge away. When we go there, we markedas "visited," the vertices adjacent to the start vertex s - these vertices are placed into level 1.In the second stage, we go to all the new vertices we can reach at the distance of two edgesaway from the source vertex h. These new vertices, which are adjacent to level 1 vertex and notpreviously assigned to a level, are placed into level 2. The BFS traversal ends when each vertexhas been finished.The BFS(G, a) algorithm creates a breadth-first search tree with the source vertex, s, as its root.The predecessor or parent of any other vertex in the tree is the vertex from which it was firstdeveloped. For every vertex, v, the parent of v is marked in the variable π[v]. Another variable,d[v], calculated by BFS has the number of tree edges on the way from s tov. The breadth-firstsearch needs a FIFO queue, Q, to store red vertices.Algorithm: Breadth-First Search TraversalBFS(V, E, a)1.2. do color[u] ← BLACK3. d[u] ← infinity4. π[u] ← NIL5. color[s] ← RED ? Source vertex find6. d[a] ← 0 ? Start7. π[a] ← NIL ? Stat8. Q ← {} ? Empty queue Q9. ENQUEUE(Q, a)10 while Q is non-empty11. do u ← DEQUEUE(Q) ? That is, u = head[Q]12.13. do if color[v] ← BLACK ? if color is black you've never seen it before14. then color[v] ← RED15. d[v] ← d[u] + 116. π[v] ← u17. ENQUEUE(Q, v)18. DEQUEUE(Q)19. color[u] ← BLACK
Encryption the plain-text using the round keys: 1. (Key schedule) Implement an algorithm that will take a 128 bit key and generate the round keys for the AES encryption/decryp
How can the third dimension be displayed on the screen The main problem in visualization is the display of three-dimensional objects and scenes on two-dimensional screens. How
implement multiple stack in one dimensional array
#include #include int sumFact(int numb); int calculateFactorial(int digit); main() { int numb, sumfact; do{ printf ("Enter a number 1 to 9999\n"); scanf("%
Relation between the time and space complexities of an algorithm The examining of algorithm focuses on time complexity and space complexity. As compared to time analysis, the a
how we will make projects on stack in c?
advanatges of dynamic data structure in programming
1) preorder, postorder and inorder 2) The main feature of a Binary Search Tree is that all of the elements whose values is less than the root reside into the nodes of left subtr
what is tree
A striking application of DFS is determine a strongly connected component of a graph. Definition: For graph G = (V, E) , where V refer to the set of vertices and E refer to the
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