Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza


This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.


Clinical signs:
There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.


Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.


Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

What is the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction, Q. What is the ...

Q. What is the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction? How does the nervous system trigger muscle contraction? The nervous cells that trigger the muscle contraction are

Physical concepts of plant water relation - osmosis, Physical Concepts of P...

Physical Concepts of Plant Water Relation - Osmosis Osmosis is a special case of diffusion. Here, the movement of water (solvent) takes place from a region of higher c

Factors associated with accident, Factors Associated With Accident Co...

Factors Associated With Accident Cost in Administrative Functions Loss of prestige. Costs for notification, investigation and legal action. Loss of pu

Explain the metabolic rate of aerobic organisms, Why can the consumption of...

Why can the consumption of molecular oxygen indicate the metabolic rate of aerobic organisms? Molecular oxygen (O2) consumption has direct relation to the cell metabolic rate i

Photosynthesis, How does the placement of veins help to carry out their fun...

How does the placement of veins help to carry out their function of transporting materials to and from the leaf ?

Define formation of healthy food habit - combat from obesity, Define Format...

Define Formation of healthy food habit - combat from obesity? Discarding faulty habits as early as possible. Most food habits formed at this age are for a life time. Special c

Why some trees lose their green color in the autumn, Q. Why some trees lose...

Q. Why some trees lose their green color in the autumn? In autumn nights longer and days become shorter thus there is a reduction of the photosynthesis rate and some plants pre

Define altered fat metabolism - nutrition during stress, Define Altered Fat...

Define Altered Fat Metabolism - Nutrition during Stress? Fat is the major fuel oxidized in infected patients. If nutrition support is inadequate, the peripheral fat stores are

Explain about the essential fat in humans, Explain about the essential fat ...

Explain about the essential fat in Humans? For the body to function normally, certain amount of body fat is required. This is called essential fat. For women, average amount of

How many chambers does the fish heart have, Q. How many chambers does the f...

Q. How many chambers does the fish heart have? The fish heart is a tube made of two consecutive chambers such as one ventricle and one atrium.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd