Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Flowering and endogenous rhythms, Flowering and Endogenous Rhythms Th...

Flowering and Endogenous Rhythms The last four decades of studies in animals and plant physiology have clearly established the existence of a biological clock mechanism to me

Define about the photometry - colorimetry, Define about the Photometry - co...

Define about the Photometry - colorimetry? Photometry is the measurement of the luminous intensity light or the amount of luminous light falling on a surface from such a source

What is qt dispersion, Q. What is QT Dispersion? Is the difference betw...

Q. What is QT Dispersion? Is the difference between the QT interval measured from one part of the heart and the QT interval measured from another part of the heart. The QT inte

hypotheses testing, Celia is a nurse in a geriatric ward.  She noticed tha...

Celia is a nurse in a geriatric ward.  She noticed that older persons in her care are having problems sleeping at night.  She decided to introduce non-pharmocologic ways of relaxat

Calf diptheria, Calf diptheria The disease is a serious one usually affect...

Calf diptheria The disease is a serious one usually affecting calves up to 2 years of age. The lesions are confined to larynx and pharynx, and consist of well-defined areas of nec

Describe the examination of abdomen, Describe the Examination of Abdomen ? ...

Describe the Examination of Abdomen ? The contour of abdomen is to be recorded. Normally the abdomen is scaphold in sharp in a young adult. In case of fullness and bulge presen

What are the three parts of a dna nucleotide, What are the three parts of a...

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide, and how are they connected to each other? The three types are a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The

Explain about podophyllum, Q. Explain about Podophyllum? These species ...

Q. Explain about Podophyllum? These species were long used by indigenous people in Americea and Asia, including for the treatment of skin cancers and warts. The combination of

Define factors that are involved in the regulation, Describe the factors th...

Describe the factors that are involved in the regulation of respiration in a child who decides to hold his/her breath for as long as possible.

Foot-rot, Foot-rot Foot-rot is a term applied to the condition of feet ...

Foot-rot Foot-rot is a term applied to the condition of feet of cattle, sheep, goats and sometimes pigs. It is characterized by inflammation, necrosis and ulceration of underly

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd