Blood protozoan and ricketsial diseases - babesiosis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Babesiosis

It is also known as red water disease or cattle tick fever and is characterized by fever, intravascular haemolysis, acute anaemia and haemoglobinuria.

Etiology: The disease is caused by Babesia species which is an intraerythrocytic parasite, and is mostly seen in rainy season when tick population is high. It occurs in pure exotic and crossbred cows in India while indigenous breeds are quite resistant to the infection. Animals below 1 year of age are more susceptible while infection in animals above 5 years of age is rarely seen.

Pathogenesis: After gaining entry into the circulation, the organisms multiply in peripheral or visceral vessels and there is haemolysis that results in anaemia, jaundice and haemoglobinuria. The death of infected animals occurs as a result of anaemic anoxia.

Clinical signs: In cows, sheep and goat, initially there is high rise of body temperature, anorexia, weakness, fall in milk yield and absence of rumination. Later on, they develop haemoglobinuria, anaemia and jaundice. Their heart and respiration rates are elevated. If affected animals are not treated, they die. Abortions are also noticed in pregnant animals. In horses, initially fever and anorexia occur later on the fever becomes intermittent. There is edema and animals are reluctant to move. Haemoglobinuria is usually not seen in equines but mucus membranes are anaemic and there is jaundice.

On postmortem examination, jaundice, soft enlarged spleen and enlarged dark brown coloured liver and enlarged kidneys are noticed. There is severe intra­vascular clotting.

Diagnosis: It is diagnosed by clinical signs and confirmed by examination of blood smear, serological tests like card agglutination and slide agglutination, ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody and passive haemagglutination tests, and postmortem examination. Blood examination also reveals low haemoglobin and erythrocyte count and severe anaemia.

The disease should be differentiated from theileriosis, which has enlarged regional lymphnodes, leptospirosis which has severe toxaemia and blood mixed milk, nutritional haemoglobinuria which occurs immediately before or after parturition and reveals normal to subnormal temperature, haemoglobinuria, loud heart sounds and tachycardia and bacillary haemoglobinuria, which shows toxaemia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea/ dysentry.

Treatment: The animals can be treated well with diminazene aceturate @ 0.8- 1.6 g/100 kg body weight by deep intramuscular route. A total dose of 6 g can be given in adult animals and should be repeated after 3 days. Imidocarb is also highly effective when given @ 1 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. At double dose rate, it completely eliminates the parasites from host. Occurrence of the disease can be reduced by controlling the tick population.


Related Discussions:- Blood protozoan and ricketsial diseases - babesiosis

Determine the sodium-potassium atpase pumps, A normal healthy cell is bathe...

A normal healthy cell is bathed in a normal extracellular saline.  The plasma membrane of the cell contains voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium-glucose co-transporters, and sodiu

Bubble oxygenators type of oxygenators , Bubble Oxygenators: These ha...

Bubble Oxygenators: These have a mixing chamber where venous blood is collected and from the bottom end micro bubbles of oxygen are passed and as they rise to the top, gas ex

Determine the patellar reflex, How is it explained that a person with the s...

How is it explained that a person with the spinal cord sectioned at the cervical level is still able to perform the patellar reflex? The arch reflex depends only on the integr

What is the control center of the cell, What is the control center of the c...

What is the control center of the cell? The nucleus contains DNA, which having the instructions for all the functions of the body.

Exchange list vs. food composition tables for menu planning, Define Exchang...

Define Exchange list vs. Food composition tables for menu planning? A dietician is frequently expected to make quick, yet reasonably accurate estimation of the nutritive value

Dictyosomes, Dictyosomes  are produced on the Organelles in the plant cells...

Dictyosomes  are produced on the Organelles in the plant cells composed of the series of flattened membrane sacs which sort, chemically modify, and package protein srough endoplasm

Explain the categories of fats and oils, Categories of Fats and Oils Yo...

Categories of Fats and Oils You already know that fatty acids are the lipid-building blocks. It is customary to divide  the fatty acids into different groups, e.g.,  saturated

Explain the microscope colony counts and agar droplets, Explain the Microsc...

Explain the Microscope Colony Counts and Agar Droplets? Microscope Colony Counts - The method involves counting of micro-colonies that develop on agar layered over a microsco

Explain the occurrence of vitamin B6, Explain the Occurrence of vitamin B 6...

Explain the Occurrence of vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 6 activity is attributed to the 3 compounds-pyridoxol (pyridoxine), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, generally comprised in the vit

Agro industrial-glycosides, Glycosides Calcinogenic glycosides: C...

Glycosides Calcinogenic glycosides: Certain plants contain glycosides of the active metabolite of vitamin D. The metabolite is called 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or mo

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd