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In OSI 7 layer model, a header, or possibly a trailer, can be added to the data unit at each layerI 7 layer, but we will define a simple virtual packet which contains only 8bit data value without any header and trailer
Each packet contains one pixel information of the lenna256 image. We defined the 3 structures in "CPacketStruct.h" to express a packet as bit stream. Left structure is defined for bit stream for error detection code and right structure is defined for bit stream for error correction code. There is additional bit stream without any code, and the data structure of bit stream with no code is same as the Packet structure in "CPacketStruct.h"
typedef struct {
BIT dat1[5];
BIT dat2[5];
} EDBitStream;
BIT dat1[7];
BIT dat2[7];
} ECBitStream;
Fig. Bit stream structure
One pixel data is represented with 8 digits, and each 4 digits are divided into dat1, and dat2. In bit streams for error detection
Ex) 1 Pixel data = 100010012
Normal Packet
(Packet is not encoded)
Encoded Packet by Parity Bit
Encoded Packet by hamming code
[1000 1001]
[Pixel Data ]
[10001 10010 ]
[ (1000)+Parity || (1001) +Parity ]
[1101000 0111001 ]
[ (1000)* G || (1001) * G ]
In Packet structure,
NCBitStream
In EDBitStream Structure
In ECBitStream Structure
Lat take the CONNECT (client side), LISTEN, and ACCEPT (server side) socket primitives a) Why are these three needed for a TCP connection? b) Why are none of them needed for a U
1. Suppose the datagram source allocates 12 bytes for this option. Then when the datagram leaves the source host, the RR option area will be like this: 7 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Question 1 Discuss the following Evolution of Data Communication Elements of Data Communication System Question 2 Explain the following
Determine the rate of communication line The dog could carry 21 gigabytes or 168 gigabits. A speed of 18 km/hour that is equal to 0.005 km/sec. The time to travel the distance
Wireless Ethernet (802.11) a) Operates on physical plus data link layers b) BSS (Basic service set) stationary or mobile wireless stations and a central base station known a
What are Diagrams and Trigrams? The most ordinary two letter combinations are known as diagrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three letter combinations are known
Layers, Massages, Segments, Datagram's and Frames Figure 2.15 show the physical path data takes down a sending end systems protocol stack up and down the protocol stac
Default IPX Ethernet encapsulation is Novell-Ether
Cisco Router architecture Overall architecture of Cisco 2600 router is given below The Following components of routers are 1. WIC slots 2. communications
Elements of protocol
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