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In OSI 7 layer model, a header, or possibly a trailer, can be added to the data unit at each layerI 7 layer, but we will define a simple virtual packet which contains only 8bit data value without any header and trailer
Each packet contains one pixel information of the lenna256 image. We defined the 3 structures in "CPacketStruct.h" to express a packet as bit stream. Left structure is defined for bit stream for error detection code and right structure is defined for bit stream for error correction code. There is additional bit stream without any code, and the data structure of bit stream with no code is same as the Packet structure in "CPacketStruct.h"
typedef struct {
BIT dat1[5];
BIT dat2[5];
} EDBitStream;
BIT dat1[7];
BIT dat2[7];
} ECBitStream;
Fig. Bit stream structure
One pixel data is represented with 8 digits, and each 4 digits are divided into dat1, and dat2. In bit streams for error detection
Ex) 1 Pixel data = 100010012
Normal Packet
(Packet is not encoded)
Encoded Packet by Parity Bit
Encoded Packet by hamming code
[1000 1001]
[Pixel Data ]
[10001 10010 ]
[ (1000)+Parity || (1001) +Parity ]
[1101000 0111001 ]
[ (1000)* G || (1001) * G ]
In Packet structure,
NCBitStream
In EDBitStream Structure
In ECBitStream Structure
Difference among the communication and transmission? Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues as bit polarity, synchronization, clock etc. Commu
Q. Explain about Mesh Topology? - Dedicated point-to-point links to each other device - n (n-1)/2 links an every device will have n-1 I/O ports - Advantages - Dedic
The performance of interconnection networks is measured on the below parameters. 1) Bandwidth: It determines maximum transfer rate between any two nodes. It is measured in MB
Most real-life applications are built on top of the UDP and TCP transport protocols. UDP, which stands for User Datagram Protocol, provides the capability of delivering individual
How to Perform Basic Switch Configurations Step : Complete basic configuration of switches S1, S2, and S3. Configure the S1, S2, and S3 switches according to the following
Session layer examples are Netbios Names, SQL, NFS, X Windows, and RPC.
What is redirector? Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and changes them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.
What are gateways? Gateways give connectivity among two or more network segments. It is usually a computer that runs the gateway software and gives translation services. This t
The address recorded by a router should be its outgoing interface. That is, if a router forwards a datagram that has the record route option enabled, and if the datagram arrives at
By entering a 16 as the hop count, the other routers recognize that the destination is unreachable.
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