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In OSI 7 layer model, a header, or possibly a trailer, can be added to the data unit at each layerI 7 layer, but we will define a simple virtual packet which contains only 8bit data value without any header and trailer
Each packet contains one pixel information of the lenna256 image. We defined the 3 structures in "CPacketStruct.h" to express a packet as bit stream. Left structure is defined for bit stream for error detection code and right structure is defined for bit stream for error correction code. There is additional bit stream without any code, and the data structure of bit stream with no code is same as the Packet structure in "CPacketStruct.h"
typedef struct {
BIT dat1[5];
BIT dat2[5];
} EDBitStream;
BIT dat1[7];
BIT dat2[7];
} ECBitStream;
Fig. Bit stream structure
One pixel data is represented with 8 digits, and each 4 digits are divided into dat1, and dat2. In bit streams for error detection
Ex) 1 Pixel data = 100010012
Normal Packet
(Packet is not encoded)
Encoded Packet by Parity Bit
Encoded Packet by hamming code
[1000 1001]
[Pixel Data ]
[10001 10010 ]
[ (1000)+Parity || (1001) +Parity ]
[1101000 0111001 ]
[ (1000)* G || (1001) * G ]
In Packet structure,
NCBitStream
In EDBitStream Structure
In ECBitStream Structure
Describe the literal meaning of the term Intranet The literal meaning of the term Intranet as given in various dictionaries is as follows: In' tra net - n. 1) A network
what is gateway?
i) Identify at least two items at every site that needs upgrading [2 Marks] ii) What type of WAN connection (link) might you use to connect the three sites to each other?
Q. Working of TCP - buffers? TCP - buffers Sending & receiving buffers - Processes don't consume data at the same speed Sending site: - White section: unfilled
Q. What is Network Address? Network Address First address in the block, assigned to the organization Defines the network itself and cannot be assigned to a host
IGRP uses flash updates, poison reverse updates, hold down times, and divide horizon. How often does it broadcast its routing table updates? Ans) 90 seconds
Multicast and Broadcast In broadcast interconnection network at an individual time one node sends the data and all other nodes obtain that data. Broadcast can be termed as on
Q. Show the Use of flow control? Flow control denotes to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for Error Control
Virtual Private Network ( VPNs) When we use the internet or the risks to the security of our data arise. The solve the security problem a virtual private network used for
do you do paraphrase
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