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Computing uses three number bases:- Binary (base 2), Octal (base 8) and Hexadecimal (base 16). Binary has been described before, although various catchphrases are used to describe their length.
4 bits e.g. 1100 is termed nibble 8 bits e.g. 11001111 us termed Byte 16 bits e.g. 1100111111001111 is termed Word 32 bits e.g. 11001111110011111100111111001111 is termed long word. Hexadecimal (Hex) is a common base; it uses 0 -> 9 and A -> F for 10 -> 15. Conversion to decimal is achieved by using weighted columns of 16n similar to binary. Within microprocessors we often convert from binary to hex and back, a short hand way of doing this is shown below.
Hierarchical paging Single way is to use a two-level paging algorithm, in which the page table itself is also paged. A logical address is separated into a page number and a pag
What is process control block? Every process is represented in the OS by a process control block. It has many pieces of information associated with an exact process.
What is the main difficulty that a programmer must overcome in writing an operating system for a real-time environment? The main difficulty is keeping the operating system with
What is critical section? Every process has a segment code called the critical section, in which the process may be updating tables, changing variables, writing file and etc. W
Explain the Exit (status) Function Exit function causes the calling process to be terminated. Actually, all file descriptors are immediately closed but the process is not
As we already know, threadsmust ensure consistency; otherwise, race conditions (non-deterministic results) might happen. Now consider the "too much milk problem": two people share
Synchronization can be achieved by means other than locks and condition variables. One alternative is semaphores. A semaphore is used to regulate traf?c in a critical section. A se
Parent process P creates three child processes, C1, C2, and C3. Each child process executes a memory and CPU intensive application of your choice. Your choice should be such that
What is a Dispatcher? The dispatcher is the module that gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short- term scheduler. This function includes: Switching
What are the requirements for solution of critical section problems? Mutual exclusion : If process p is implementing in its critical section then no other processes can be exe
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