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Computing uses three number bases:- Binary (base 2), Octal (base 8) and Hexadecimal (base 16). Binary has been described before, although various catchphrases are used to describe their length.
4 bits e.g. 1100 is termed nibble 8 bits e.g. 11001111 us termed Byte 16 bits e.g. 1100111111001111 is termed Word 32 bits e.g. 11001111110011111100111111001111 is termed long word. Hexadecimal (Hex) is a common base; it uses 0 -> 9 and A -> F for 10 -> 15. Conversion to decimal is achieved by using weighted columns of 16n similar to binary. Within microprocessors we often convert from binary to hex and back, a short hand way of doing this is shown below.
Additional-reference-bits algorithm We can keep an 8-bit byte for every page in a table in memory. The operating system shifts the reference bits right 1 bit, discarding the lo
Problem 1: (a) What are the likely benefits which an organisation may derive from the planning process? (b) Explain the main reasons why an organisation may fail to plan.
Deadlock Prevention Prevention is the name given to method that guarantee that deadlocks can never happen for the reason that the way the system is structured. Since 4 conditio
What is the basic approach of page replacement? If no frame is free is available, find one that is not presently being used and free it. A frame can be freed by writing its con
Define the “Throughput” of a system Throughput is Number of programs processed by it per unit time
Why is rotational latency usually not considered in disk scheduling? How would you modify SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN to include latency optimization? Most disks do not export their
Evicting the most-recently used (MRU) page does very well on LRU's worst case. In general, however, MRU is a bad idea, since many programs exhibit temporal locality in their memory
What are the three main activities of an operating system in regard to memory management? Keep track of which parts of memory are now being used and by whom. Decide which pr
Write a note on deadlocks. The proper definition of deadlock A set of processes is deadlocked if every process in the set is waiting for an event that only a proces
Q. In a ring-protection system the level 0 has the greatest access to objects and level n (greater than zero) has fewer access rights. The access rights of a program at a partic
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