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It has been known for a thousand years or more (originating in China) that certain (magnetic) materials would always orientate themselves in a particular direction if suspended to rotate freely. The very earliest experiments in magnetism were done with these materials (permanent magnets) and these clearly showed that two pieces of these materials were able to exert some force at a distance. This force is analogous to gravitational force. We know from our own experience that it exists. Physicists theorise on the causes whilst engineers are more concerned with being able to measure the practical effect and put it to use by devising a suitable method of analysis.Very early experiments by Oersted and Ampere showed that a current carrying conductor also had an effect on magnetic material in its vicinity. Magnetic compasses placed near to a current carrying conductor were deflected. He also found that the direction of deflection depended on the position relative to the wire. Those above the wire were deflected in the opposite direction to those placed below. Ampere quantified the strength of this force in terms of the current and the distance involved. In order to be able to relate these observations to analysis, the concept of a magnetic field was introduced.The presence of a magnetic field may be visualised by drawing imaginary continuous lines of 'magnetic flux', the density of which is a measure of the strength of the field in a given material. Arrows are added to the flux lines to indicate the direction of the magnetic field, from which the direction of the force it produces on, for example, compass needles and current carrying conductors can be deduced. Convention has it that the magnetic field strength is denoted by the symbol H (ampere.turns), whilst magnetic flux density is given the symbol B (Webers/m2).
Explain the hysteresis loop of a magnetic material. Hystereses loop-Below the Curie temperature all-ferromagnetic materials show the identified hysteresis in the B (i.e. flux
Thermal noise This is the most significant noise in an ampli?er. It is produced by random movements of electrons in the resistors. This is caused by the ?uctuations in the volt
Q. A coil is formed by connecting 15 conducting loops, or turns, in series. Each loop has length l = 2.5 m and width w = 10 cm. The 15-turn coil is rotated at a constant speed of 3
why we are going to realization of digital filter after finding the H(z).
What are the basic components in a Microprocessor? 1) Address lines to refer to the address of a block 2) Data lines for data transmit 3) IC chips 4 processing data
Magnetic circuits To see how this is used in practice, consider a coil of N turns wound onto a closed ring shaped former with a very high (note: r (steel) = 200
What is the clock frequency of 8086? Internal clock Frequency 5 MHz 8MHz External Clock Frequency 15MHZ 24MHZ
Q. Multi-link connection in a network of register? For a multi-link connection in a network of register- controlled exchanges, a register in originating exchange receives addre
Q. The twin-tee or notch network shown in Figure is often used to obtain band-reject characteristics. (a) Determine the transfer function V 2 /I 1 . (b) Find the angular freq
Explain Soft magnetic materials. Soft magnetic materials -They contain small enclosed area of hysteresis loop, high permeability low eddy current losses and high saturation
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