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It has been known for a thousand years or more (originating in China) that certain (magnetic) materials would always orientate themselves in a particular direction if suspended to rotate freely. The very earliest experiments in magnetism were done with these materials (permanent magnets) and these clearly showed that two pieces of these materials were able to exert some force at a distance. This force is analogous to gravitational force. We know from our own experience that it exists. Physicists theorise on the causes whilst engineers are more concerned with being able to measure the practical effect and put it to use by devising a suitable method of analysis.Very early experiments by Oersted and Ampere showed that a current carrying conductor also had an effect on magnetic material in its vicinity. Magnetic compasses placed near to a current carrying conductor were deflected. He also found that the direction of deflection depended on the position relative to the wire. Those above the wire were deflected in the opposite direction to those placed below. Ampere quantified the strength of this force in terms of the current and the distance involved. In order to be able to relate these observations to analysis, the concept of a magnetic field was introduced.The presence of a magnetic field may be visualised by drawing imaginary continuous lines of 'magnetic flux', the density of which is a measure of the strength of the field in a given material. Arrows are added to the flux lines to indicate the direction of the magnetic field, from which the direction of the force it produces on, for example, compass needles and current carrying conductors can be deduced. Convention has it that the magnetic field strength is denoted by the symbol H (ampere.turns), whilst magnetic flux density is given the symbol B (Webers/m2).
Explain different stage in energy audit?
Technical Losses in Power Systems The technical losses in power systems occur because of energy dissipated in the conductors and equipment used for transmission, transformat
Buffer A buffer is a logic circuit that amplifies the current or power. Basically it is used change the driving capability of a logical circuit. Therefore it is someti
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Figure shows the cross-section of an electrostatic problem with translational symmetry: a rectangular coaxial cable. The inner conductor is held at 10 volts and the outer conductor
defination
Astigmation control: In most modern oscilloscopes there is an additional focusing control marked Astigmation . This is used to correct an effect which exactly is analogous to
Q. Explain working of Biased Clamper? Biased Clamper : The circuit of a positively biased clamper is shown in the figure. During the negative half cycle of the input signal the
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