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It has been known for a thousand years or more (originating in China) that certain (magnetic) materials would always orientate themselves in a particular direction if suspended to rotate freely. The very earliest experiments in magnetism were done with these materials (permanent magnets) and these clearly showed that two pieces of these materials were able to exert some force at a distance. This force is analogous to gravitational force. We know from our own experience that it exists. Physicists theorise on the causes whilst engineers are more concerned with being able to measure the practical effect and put it to use by devising a suitable method of analysis.Very early experiments by Oersted and Ampere showed that a current carrying conductor also had an effect on magnetic material in its vicinity. Magnetic compasses placed near to a current carrying conductor were deflected. He also found that the direction of deflection depended on the position relative to the wire. Those above the wire were deflected in the opposite direction to those placed below. Ampere quantified the strength of this force in terms of the current and the distance involved. In order to be able to relate these observations to analysis, the concept of a magnetic field was introduced.The presence of a magnetic field may be visualised by drawing imaginary continuous lines of 'magnetic flux', the density of which is a measure of the strength of the field in a given material. Arrows are added to the flux lines to indicate the direction of the magnetic field, from which the direction of the force it produces on, for example, compass needles and current carrying conductors can be deduced. Convention has it that the magnetic field strength is denoted by the symbol H (ampere.turns), whilst magnetic flux density is given the symbol B (Webers/m2).
List the uses of USART. USART- Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitters. It is used to transmit and receive the data in serial communication mode. It is
Name the switching schemes used in a digital exchange
how to measure
Q. Explain about Zener Diodes? Most diodes are not intended to be operated in the reverse breakdown region. Diodes designed expressly to operate in the breakdown region are cal
Characteristics of Stepper Motors The main characteristic of stepper motors is torque versus stepping or pulse rate. It give the variation of torque as a function of pu
Illustrate the working principle, equipment used,process characteristic, advantage and disadvantage of water jet machine (WJM) (a) Illustrtae the working principle of ultrasonic
Background of Energy Conservation As a thumb rule, the energy needs of a country are about 1.5 times its GDP or the economic growth rate. India's projected growth rate up to
Explain the different types of multivibrators ? Multivibrator is basically a two-stage amplifier with output of one supplied back to the input of the other . Multivibr
Q. Use the node-voltage method to find the current I through the 5- resistor of the circuit of Figure.
The constants of an amplifier are given by A = 1, R i =10,000, and R o = 100. It is driven by a Thévenin source with v Th (t) = V O cos ωt and R Th = 20,000 . The amplifier o
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