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It has been known for a thousand years or more (originating in China) that certain (magnetic) materials would always orientate themselves in a particular direction if suspended to rotate freely. The very earliest experiments in magnetism were done with these materials (permanent magnets) and these clearly showed that two pieces of these materials were able to exert some force at a distance. This force is analogous to gravitational force. We know from our own experience that it exists. Physicists theorise on the causes whilst engineers are more concerned with being able to measure the practical effect and put it to use by devising a suitable method of analysis.Very early experiments by Oersted and Ampere showed that a current carrying conductor also had an effect on magnetic material in its vicinity. Magnetic compasses placed near to a current carrying conductor were deflected. He also found that the direction of deflection depended on the position relative to the wire. Those above the wire were deflected in the opposite direction to those placed below. Ampere quantified the strength of this force in terms of the current and the distance involved. In order to be able to relate these observations to analysis, the concept of a magnetic field was introduced.The presence of a magnetic field may be visualised by drawing imaginary continuous lines of 'magnetic flux', the density of which is a measure of the strength of the field in a given material. Arrows are added to the flux lines to indicate the direction of the magnetic field, from which the direction of the force it produces on, for example, compass needles and current carrying conductors can be deduced. Convention has it that the magnetic field strength is denoted by the symbol H (ampere.turns), whilst magnetic flux density is given the symbol B (Webers/m2).
Discuss DMA operation in brief. The fundamental idea of DMA is to transfer blocks of data directly among memory and peripherals. The data don't suffer the microprocessor but th
Q. Describe an integrator circuit ? A circuit in which output voltage is directly proportional to the integral of the input is known as an integrating circuit. An integrating c
AC Motors DC motors that have their magnetic fields produced by coils as described earlier can, in principle, be powered from AC as well, since if the applied voltage reverse
Nodes analysis Analysis using KCL to solve for voltages at every common node of the network and as determines the currents by and voltages across every elements of the network.
AC Link Chopper This copper has two stage conversion. First DC is converted into AC by the use of inverter. The magnitude of AC voltage is varied by the transformer and
EXPLAIN UJT WITH ALL SUBTOPICS CONSISTS
Q. Three single-phase, 10-kVA, 2400/120-V, 60- Hz transformers are connected to form a three- phase, 4160/208-V transformer bank. Each of the single-phase transformers has an equiv
what is the difference between statically and dynamically induced emf?
Q. Present and Future Trends in power systems? According to the Edison Electric Institute, electricity's share of U.S. primary energy was almost 36% in 1989, and it is likely t
short note on priming
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